西南季节性干旱区夏玉米水氮耦合效应与水氮生产函数研究OACSTPCD
The effect of water-nitrogen coupling on growth of summer maize in seasonally arid areas and water-nitrogen production function in southwestern China
[目的]探究西南季节性干旱区夏玉米关键生育期适宜的水氮耦合模式.[方法]于 2022年 6-10月在四川省都江堰灌溉试验站测桶区遮雨棚内开展夏玉米水氮耦合试验,以仲玉 3 号夏玉米为研究对象,采用桶栽方式种植夏玉米,以充分灌水(100%ET)和当地高水平施氮量(300 kg/hm2)为对照(CK),在拔节—抽雄期(Ⅱ)、抽雄—灌浆期(Ⅲ)分别设置 2个灌水水平:HW(75%CK)、LW(50%CK)和 3个施氮水平:N1(85%CK)、N2(70%CK)、N3(55%CK),共计 13个处理,研究不同关键生育期的水氮耦合对夏玉米生长、产量、水分利用效率(WUE)、氮肥偏生产力(NPFP)的影响,基于 Jensen 模型构建水氮生产函数.[结果]拔节—抽雄期为夏玉米营养生长的关键时期,适宜的水氮耦合模式能在节水节氮条件下获得较高的产量并提高WUE和NPFP,Ⅱ-HWN2、Ⅲ-HWN1 处理和Ⅲ-HWN2 处理较CK分别节水 12.78%、9.77%和 9.77%,节氮 9.0%、4.5%和 9.0%,增产 1.31%、4.32%和 4.50%,WUE较CK分别提高 28.39%、14.83%和 8.52%,NPFP较CK分别提高 11.33%、10.42%和 8.52%;基于Jensen模型构建的水氮生产函数拟合度较好(R2=0.761 9),拔节—抽雄期水氮敏感指数为 0.152,大于抽雄—灌浆期的水氮敏感指数 0.074.[结论]从提高水肥资源利用效率和保障产量的角度出发,推荐Ⅱ-HWN2 处理和Ⅲ-HWN2 处理为西南季节性干旱区适宜的水氮耦合模式.
[Objective]Water and nitrogen are two most important factors affecting crop growth.Their acquisitions by crops interactively affect by each other.The purpose of this paper is to study the interactive effect of water-nitrogen coupling on development of summer maize during its key growing stages in seasonally arid areas in southwestern China.[Method]The experiment was conducted from June to October 2022 using lysimeters inside a rain-shelter at Dujiangyan Irrigation Experimental Station in Sichuan province.The variety Zhongyu No.3 was used as the model plant,and the control(CK)was irrigation of 100％of evapotranspiration(ET)combined with 300 kg/hm2 of nitrogen fertilization as used by local farmers.There were two irrigation treatments by irrigating 75％(HW)and 50％(LW)of the water used in the CK,and three nitrogen treatments by fertilizing 85％(N1),70％(N2)and 55％(N3)of the fertilizer used in the CK at jointing-tasseling stage(Ⅱ)and tasseling-filling stage(Ⅲ),respectively.In each treatment,we measured the changes in growth,yield,water use efficiency(WUE)and nitrogen partial productivity(NPFP)of the maize at its key growing stages.The production function of the water and nitrogen was calculated using the Jensen model.[Result]The jointing-tasseling stage was the key stage for vegetative growth of the maize.A suitable water-nitrogen coupling can increase the yield,WUE and NPFP of the crop.Compared with CK,the combinations Ⅱ+HW+N2,Ⅲ+HW+N1 and Ⅲ+HW+N2 saved 12.78％,9.77％and 9.77％of water,and 9.0％,4.5％and 9.0％of nitrogen,respectively,while increasing grain yield by 1.31％,4.32％and 4.50％,WUE by 28.39％,14.83％and 8.52％,and NPFP by 11.33％,10.42％and 8.52％respectively.The water-nitrogen production function was well described by the Jensen model with the R2 being 0.761 9.The sensitivity index of water-nitrogen coupling at jointing-tasseling stage was 0.152,higher than 0.074 at the tasseling-filling stage.[Conclusion]Our results showed that the combinations Ⅱ+ HW+N2 and Ⅲ+ HW+N2 are optimal for maintaining high yield yet improving water and nitrogen use efficiency of the maize.They can be used as an improved irrigation and fertilization for maize production in the studied region and its periphery.The water-nitrogen production function is well described by the Jenson model.
侯艳;崔宁博;郭立;甘永德
四川大学,成都 610065青海大学,西宁 810016
农业工程
玉米水氮耦合水分利用效率氮肥偏生产力
maizewater-nitrogen couplingwater use efficiencynitrogen partial productivity
《灌溉排水学报》 2024 (004)
34-40 / 7
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1900805);四川省科技计划项目/对口科技援助(川青)(2022YFQ0066)
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