作物学报2024，Vol.50Issue(5)：1236-1252,17.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.32039
多元化种植模式下秸秆还田配合水氮管理对水稻产量形成与氮素吸收利用的影响
Effects of straw returning to field combined with water and N management on rice yield formation and N uptake and utilization under diversified cropping patterns
摘要
Abstract
To study the effects of different precrop straw return and water and N management on rice yield formation,dry matter accumulation and distribution,and N uptake and utilization under diversified cropping patterns.In 2018-2019,hybrid rice F you 498 was used as the experimental material,and a three-factor split plot design was adopted.The main plot was conducted with three planting modes of rape-rice(Py),wheat-rice(Px),and cabbage-rice(Pq).In the field,the split area was equipped with two water management methods including conventional flooding irrigation(W0)and alternating wet and dry irrigation(W1).The split area was equipped with three N levels including no N treatment(N0),conventional N application treatment(N1),and precise N reduction(N2).The decomposition rate,N release rate,dry matter accumulation,and the distribution of various rice nutrient or-gans,plant N uptake and utilization of straw returned to the field under different treatments at jointing,heading,and maturity stages,and grain yield were analyzed and measured.The results showed that the average yield of Py increased by 2.55%and 13.99%,respectively,compared with Px and Pq,mainly due to its higher effective panicles and 1000-grain weight.Py promoted the accumulation of dry matter and N in various nutrient organs,which was beneficial to dry matter distribution,to improve the stem sheath N contribution rate and N fertilizer utilization rate,the average total dry matter accumulation and total N accumulation at each stage of Py increased by 5.25%,7.48%,and 14.60%,17.30%,respectively,compared with Px and Pq.The partial factor pro-ductivity of N increased significantly by 24.90%compared with Pq,but the straw decomposition rate and N release rate of Py were lower.The rice yield of W1 treatment under the three modes increased by 5.10%(Py),1.76%(Px),and 4.80%(Pq),respectively,compared with W0 treatment.W1 treatment promoted straw decomposition and N release,promote dry matter accumulation and N uptake and transport are beneficial to dry matter distribution in Py and Px modes,thereby improving N fertilizer utilization effi-ciency.Under the same straw return and water management,N2 treatment promoted straw decomposition and N release,which was beneficial to dry matter distribution and N transport,and increased N accumulation in stem sheaths and leaves at heading and maturity stages,thus improving N fertilizer utilization efficiency.However,the yields and dry matter accumulations in N2 treat-ment decreased slightly compared with those in the N1 treatment,but there was significant difference between them.Comprehen-sive analysis showed that under the rape-rice planting model,returning rapeseed straw to the field combined with alternating dry and wet irrigation and precise N reduction(120 kg hm-2)was beneficial to dry matter accumulation and distribution,N uptake and transport,and thus improving the agronomic efficiency of N,and partial factor productivity of N,and can save 20%of N fertilizer input to achieve stable and efficient rice production.关键词
水稻/多元化种植模式/秸秆还田/水氮管理/产量形成/氮素吸收利用Key words
rice/diversified cropping patterns/straw returning to field/water and N management/yield formation/N uptake and utilization引用本文复制引用
胡明明,丁峰,彭志芸,向开宏,李郁,张宇杰,杨志远,孙永健,马均..多元化种植模式下秸秆还田配合水氮管理对水稻产量形成与氮素吸收利用的影响[J].作物学报,2024,50(5):1236-1252,17.基金项目
本研究由国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0301706,2017YFD0301701,2016YFD0300506),四川省育种攻关专项(2016NYZ0051)和四川省教育厅重点项目(18ZA0390)资助.This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(2017YFD0301706,2017YFD0301701,2016YFD0300506),the Sichuan Provincial Breeding Research Project(2016NYZ0051),and the Sichuan Provincial Department of Education Key Project(18ZA0390). （2017YFD0301706,2017YFD0301701,2016YFD0300506）
