作物学报2024，Vol.50Issue(5)：1287-1299,13.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.32030
稻油系统周年产量差及形成因素探究:以湖北省武穴市为例
Evaluation of annual yield gap and yield limiting facters in rice-rapeseed crop-ping system:an example from Wuxue city,Hubei province,China
摘要
Abstract
To ensure national food and edible oil security,it is important to identify the yield gap and yield-limiting factors of rice-rapeseed cropping system at farmer level.In this study,Wuxue city,Hubei province,a typical rice-rapeseed cropping system production area in China was selected for the research.The annual system yield gap was evaluated by a mixed approach of crop modeling and field investigation.Comparisons were conducted among smallholders in terms of soil conditions and management practices by the methods of one-way ANOVA and conditional inference tree.The objective of this study is to identify the crucial yield-limiting factors for smallholders,to explore practical strategies to further increase system yield,and to provide innovative insight into how to adapt specific strategies to close the yield gap based on local conditions.The results showed as follows:(1)The potential yields of rice and rapeseed seasons in Wuxue were 11.79 t hm-2 and 4.43 t hm-2,respectively,and the maximum annual system potential energy was 284 GJ hm-2 based on the equivalent energy of rice and rapeseed.The actual yields for rice and rapeseed seasons were 8.11 t hm-2 and 1.82 t hm-2,respectively,and the average annual actual system energy was 165 GJ hm-2.The average annual relative yield gap(the ratio of yield gap to potential yield)was 42%,and rapeseed(59%)had a greater space for yield increase than rice(31%)within the system.Compared with the average yields of Hubei province and Yangtze River Valley(YRV),the annual potential yield in Wuxue was similar,while the annual actual yield was 13%and 5%lower,re-spectively,resulting in a relatively large system yield gap in Wuxue.Specifically,approximately 83%and 61%of smallholders in Wuxue had larger relative yield gaps than the average levels in Hubei and the YRV,respectively.(2)Smallholders with relative low system yields presented the following characteristics:sandy-loam soil and low plowing depths,severe weed and pest damage,all fertilizers were applied as basal fertilizer in rice season,low annual fertilization input in rice season and high input in rapeseed season,and high rapeseed mechanical harvesting damage.(3)Most(89%)of smallholders in Wuxue planted the conventional rice Huanghuazhan,which has reached approximately 90%of its potential yield.In addition,rapeseed yield varied among different varieties.In conclusion,the rice-rapeseed system in Wuxue still had a large space for increasing production.The technical meas-ures to reduce the yield gap of the local rice-rapeseed system including:appropriate deep plowing to increase soil production ca-pacity,choosing suitable rapeseed high-yielding varieties in the rapeseed season.For rice season promoting hybrid rice varieties with high potential yield and good quality,increasing planting density,and strengthening weed control at sowing stage in rice season,and emphasizing topdressing in which only basal fertilizer is applied in rice season.Moreover,for the whole seoson ferti-lizer management it is important for local smallholders to reduce the amount in rapeseed season and increase the amount in rice season.关键词
产量差/田间调查/稻油系统/作物模型/管理措施Key words
yield gap/field investigation/rice-rapeseed cropping system/crop modeling/management practices引用本文复制引用
曹馨元,杜明利,王宇诚,陈欣华,陈佳欣,凌霄霞,黄见良,彭少兵,邓南燕..稻油系统周年产量差及形成因素探究:以湖北省武穴市为例[J].作物学报,2024,50(5):1287-1299,13.基金项目
本研究由国家自然科学基金项目(31901424)和湖北省现代种业"揭榜挂帅"项目(水稻现代育种技术研发与良种选育攻关)资助.This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901424)and the Seed Industry Modernization of"Open Bidding for Selecting the Best Candidates"Program of Hubei Province(the Research and Development of Modernized Rice Breeding Tech-nology and Translation of Certified Seed Selection). （31901424）
