华北农学报2024，Vol.39Issue(2)：143-152,10.DOI:10.7668/hbnxb.20194597
黄淮北部不同冬小麦品种(系)产量和氮素利用效率差异
Differences in Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Different Winter Wheat Varieties(Lines)in the North of Huanghuai Region
摘要
Abstract
In order to study the differences in yield and nitrogen utilization,transport and accumulation of dif-ferent winter wheat cultivar(line)types in the Northern Huanghuai,the yield traits and nitrogen utilization efficiency of 29 and 26 winter wheat cultivars(lines)for testing in the Northern Huanghuai wheat area were investigated and analyzed in 2021-2022 and 2022-2023,respectively.Through cluster analysis,wheat was classified into four types:high-yielding,medium-high-yielding,medium-yielding and low-yielding.Nitrogen content of wheat stems,leaves,spikes,and grains at maturity were measured at anthesis and maturity,respectively,to analyze the relation-ship between parameters related to nitrogen utilization traits and yield.The results showed that the average yields a-mong high-yielding,medium-high-yielding,medium-yielding and low-yielding varieties(lines)differed significantly from 2021 to 2023,with the number of spikes per hectare of high-yielding varieties significantly higher than that of other types.At the anthesis stage,the nitrogen accumulation and distribution rate of each organ were stems and sheaths>leaves>spikes;at the maturity stage,the nitrogen accumulation of each organ was grains>stems and sheaths>spikes>leaves.The post-anthesis nitrogen accumulation,pre-anthesis nitrogen transport and its contribu-tion to the grain of different varieties of wheat were higher in high-yielding varieties(lines),and the pre-anthesis ni-trogen transport and its contribution to the grain were greater than the post-anthesis nitrogen accumulation and its contribution to the grain.Nitrogen utilization efficiency,nitrogen harvest index,nitrogen accumulation at anthesis and nitrogen accumulation at maturity were significantly and positively correlated with wheat grain yield.Therefore,water and fertilizer management can be carried out through the nitrogen uptake and transfer pattern and distribution char-acteristics of different varieties,or selecting and breeding wheat varieties with high nitrogen utilization efficiency to achieve high-yield and high-efficiency production of wheat.关键词
冬小麦/品种/产量/氮素利用效率/氮素积累量Key words
Winter wheat/Variety/Yield/Nitrogen use efficiency/Nitrogen accumulation分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
王建伟,李东晓,王千一,张明哲,李瑞奇..黄淮北部不同冬小麦品种(系)产量和氮素利用效率差异[J].华北农学报,2024,39(2):143-152,10.基金项目
国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-03-05) （CARS-03-05）
国家自然科学基金项目(32201908) （32201908）
河北省自然科学基金项目(C2022204070) （C2022204070）
