管理工程学报2024，Vol.38Issue(3)：122-134,13.DOI:10.13587/j.cnki.jieem.2024.03.009
焦虑情绪何时会激发创业努力?一个跨层次双重调节模型
Under which circumstances will anxiety promote entrepreneurial efforts?A cross-layer double moderating model
摘要
Abstract
Entrepreneurs are expected to devote great efforts to entrepreneurial activities to help start-ups gain legitimacy during the first three years.Some studies indicated that emotions play an important role in promoting entrepreneurial efforts,such as negative emotions,positive emotions,and entrepreneurial passions.However,we only have a limited understanding of how anxiety,as the most common and widespread negative emotion in entrepreneurial activities,affects entrepreneurial efforts. Previous studies have uncovered the"double side"effect of anxiety-"dark side"and"bright side".In general,the"dark side"indicates that anxious individuals have self-doubts regarding their ability to manage threatening situations and lack confidence in their abilities,whereas the"bright side"indicates that anxious individuals are more sensitive to feedback and thus put more resources and effort into the task.Under entrepreneurial context characterized as high uncertainty and high autonomy,entrepreneurs might motivate by facilitate effects of anxiety and choose to put more efforts,or they might be disturbed by debilitating effects of anxiety and choose to give up current entrepreneurial tasks.Therefore,it is critical to explore the conditional boundary of the relationship between anxiety and entrepreneurial anxiety. Social cognition theory indicated that motivation played a critical role in leading to specific behaviors,especially autonomous behavior(ie.Entrepreneurial activities).Previous studies uncovered that people with high levels of core self-evaluation have a strong motivation for"I can do",they own positive self-views and could be engaged in solving problems even in difficult times.We thus hypothesis the efficacy of anxiety in promoting entrepreneurial anxiety depends on core self-evaluation.Scholars indicated that a high level of identity centrality enables people to have a strong motivation for"I want to do",because one can acquire high self-esteem by realizing their most valued identity.We again hypothesis that the efficacy of anxiety in promoting entrepreneurial anxiety depends on entrepreneurship identity centrality.Additionally,we further hypothesis the promoting effect of anxiety is maximized by two boundary conditions-high levels of core self-evaluation and entrepreneurship identity centrality.Therefore,drawing on social cognition theory,we introduce core self-evaluation and entrepreneurship identity centrality as moderators to explore the role of anxiety in promoting entrepreneurial efforts. Based on experience sampling method,684 valid questionnaires nested in 44 entrepreneurs were collected.To avoid endogenous issues,we created within-day lags for outcome variables,ensuring the anxiety measured in the morning and the entrepreneurial effect measured in the same day afternoon.Multi-level regression results show that:1)core self-evaluation plays a moderating role between anxiety and entrepreneurial efforts,2)entrepreneurship identity centrality plays a moderating role between anxiety and entrepreneurial efforts,3)entrepreneurial anxiety has the greatest effect on promoting entrepreneurial efforts under the circumstances of both high core self-evaluation and entrepreneurial identity centrality.Moreover,we conducted a robustness test by creating next-day lags for outcome variables.Our robustness test results show that for entrepreneurs who have both high core self-evaluation and high entrepreneurship identity centrality,the promoting effect of anxiety on entrepreneurial effect could last until the next day. Our findings have both theoretical and practical implications.Firstly,by focusing on anxiety which is the most common and significant emotion among entrepreneurs,we enrich the typological knowledge of entrepreneurial emotion.Secondly,by clarifying the moderating role of core self-evaluation and entrepreneurial identity centrality,we responded to the challenges that emotions can directly lead to behaviors.Thirdly,our findings also expand the research on emotional antecedents of entrepreneurial efforts.Finally,we offered theoretical insights into the anxiety management and promoting entrepreneurial efforts practices both at individual and team level.关键词
焦虑情绪/创业努力/核心自我评价/创业身份中心性/体验抽样法Key words
Anxiety/Entrepreneurial effort/Core self-evaluation/Entrepreneurial identity centrality/Experience sampling method分类
管理科学引用本文复制引用
张慧,陈莹,包佳妮,周小虎..焦虑情绪何时会激发创业努力?一个跨层次双重调节模型[J].管理工程学报,2024,38(3):122-134,13.基金项目
南京邮电大学引进人才科研启动基金项目(XK0014522020) （XK0014522020）
国家社会科学基金重点项目(21AZD012) The Project of Humanities and Social Sciences Fund of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(XK0014522020) （21AZD012）
The National Social Science Fund of China(21AZD012) （21AZD012）
