有机肥部分替代化肥对河套灌区土壤有机碳和向日葵产量的影响OACSTPCD
Effects of partial substitution of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer on soil organic carbon and sunflower yield in Hetao Irrigation Area
[目的]揭示河套灌区不同种类和比例有机肥替代化肥对土壤肥力和向日葵产量的影响,筛选土壤有机碳与向日葵产量协同提升的有机无机肥配施模式.[方法]设置不施肥(CK)、常规施化肥氮(MN)、20%羊粪有机肥氮+80%化肥氮(SN1)、40%羊粪有机肥氮+60%化肥氮(SN2)、20%牛粪有机肥氮+80%化肥氮(CN1)、40%牛粪有机肥氮+60%化肥氮(CN2)、20%猪粪有机肥氮+80%化肥氮(PN1)、40%猪粪有机肥氮+60%化肥氮(PN2)8个处理,分析不同种类和比例有机肥替代化肥对土壤有机碳含量、全氮含量、铵态氮浓度、硝态氮浓度、无机氮浓度、团聚体组成以及向日葵植株性状、地上部生物量、产量、氮肥利用率的影响.[结果]与MN处理相比,施用羊粪有机肥氮对土壤有机碳含量无显著影响(P>0.05),牛粪或猪粪有机肥氮可显著提高土壤有机碳含量(P<0.05),且提升效应随有机肥用量的增加而增加;CN1处理土壤铵态氮、硝态氮和总无机氮浓度分别显著增加9.7%、6.0%和7.6%(P<0.05);PN2处理土壤大团聚体质量比例显著提高29.3%(P<0.05).与MN处理相比,CN1和PN1处理向日葵盘径和千粒重显著提高5.8%和4.0%(P<0.05);向日葵地上部生物量显著增加4.6%和12.8%(P<0.05);产量和氮肥利用率显著提高(P<0.05),其中CN1处理增幅最高,为14.3%和66.1%.[结论]20%牛粪/猪粪有机肥氮+80%化肥氮处理有利于土壤有机碳含量的提高以及向日葵盘径、千粒重、产量、氮肥利用率的增加,能够实现土壤有机碳含量和向日葵产量的同步提升,可作为河套灌区低肥力耕地的适宜有机无机肥配施技术模式.
[Objective]Assess the effects of different types and ratios of organic fertilizer substituting chemical fertilizers on soil fertility and sunflower yield in the Hetao Irrigation Area,to select for the organic and inorganic fertilizer combined application models that could simultaneously improve the soil organic carbon and sunflower yield.[Methods]Eight treatments were set up including no fertilization(CK),conventional chemical fertilizer nitrogen application(MN),20%sheep manure organic fertilizer nitrogen+80%chemical fertilizer nitrogen(SN1),40%sheep manure organic fertilizer nitrogen +60%chemical fertilizer nitrogen(SN2),20%cow manure organic fertilizer nitrogen+80%chemical fertilizer nitrogen(CN1),40%cow manure organic fertilizer nitrogen+60%chemical fertilizer nitrogen(CN2),20%pig manure organic fertilizer nitrogen+80%chemical fertilizer nitrogen(PN1),and 40%pig manure organic fertilizer nitrogen+60%chemical fertilizer nitrogen(PN2).The effects of different types and ratios of organic fertilizer substituting chemical fertilizer on soil organic carbon,total nitrogen content,ammonium nitrogen concentration,nitrate nitrogen concentration,inorganic nitrogen concentration,aggregate composition,as well as sunflower plant traits,aboveground biomass,yield,and nitrogen use efficiency were analyzed.[Results]Compared with MN treatment,application of sheep manure organic fertilizer nitrogen had no significant effect(P>0.05)on soil organic carbon content.Application of cow and pig manure organic fertilizer nitrogen significantly increased soil organic carbon content(P<0.05),and the improvement effect increased with the increase of organic fertilizer application rates;CN1 treatment significantly increased(P<0.05)soil ammonium nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,and total inorganic nitrogen concentrations by 9.7%,6.0%,and 7.6%,respectively;PN2 treatment significantly increased(P<0.05)the mass proportion of soil macroaggregates by 29.3%.Compared with MN treatment,CN1 and PN1 treatments significantly increased(P<0.05)sunflower disc diameter and thousand grain weight by 5.8%and 4.0%;the aboveground biomass of sunflowers significantly increased(P<0.05)by 4.6%and 12.8%;the yield and nitrogen use efficiency were significantly improved(P<0.05),with CN1 treatment having the highest increase at 14.3%and 66.1%,respectively.[Conclusion]20%cow/pig manure organic fertilizer nitrogen +80%chemical fertilizer nitrogen treatments were beneficial for improving soil organic carbon content and increasing sunflower disc diameter,thousand grain weight,yield,and nitrogen use efficiency,achieved simultaneously improvement of soil organic carbon content and sunflower yield,can be used as suitable organic and inorganic fertilizer combined application models for low fertility farmland in Hetao Irrigation Area.
苗运彩;何铁虎;袁俊吉;刘德燕;姚荣江;丁维新
中国科学院南京土壤研究所,江苏南京 210008||土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,江苏南京 210008
农业科学
有机肥替代比例土壤有机碳向日葵产量氮肥利用率
Organic fertilizerSubstitution ratioSoil organic carbonSunflower yieldNitrogen use efficiency
《北方农业学报》 2024 (001)
46-54 / 9
内蒙古自治区科技重大专项(NMKJXM202009);国家自然科学基金项目(42007044,U1906220);江苏省自然科学基金青年项目(BK20231097);中国科学院国际伙伴计划项目(151432KYSB20200001)
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