智慧农业（中英文）2024，Vol.6Issue(2)：49-61,13.DOI:10.12133/j.smartag.SA202311007
复杂场景下害虫目标检测算法:YOLOv8-Extend
Crop Pest Target Detection Algorithm in Complex Scenes:YOLOv8-Extend
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]It is of great significance to improve the efficiency and accuracy of crop pest detection in complex natural environments,and to change the current reliance on expert manual identification in the agricultural production process.Targeting the problems of small target size,mimicry with crops,low detection accuracy,and slow algorithm reasoning speed in crop pest detection,a complex scene crop pest target detection algorithm named YOLOv8-Entend was proposed in this research. [Methods]Firstly,the GSConv was introduecd to enhance the model's receptive field,allowing for global feature aggregation.This mechanism enables feature aggregation at both node and global levels simultaneously,obtaining local features from neighboring nodes through neighbor sampling and aggregation operations,enhancing the model's receptive field and semantic understanding abili-ty.Additionally,some Convs were replaced with lightweight Ghost Convolutions and HorBlock was utilized to capture longer-term feature dependencies.The recursive gate convolution employed gating mechanisms to remember and transmit previous information,capturing long-term correlations.Furthermore,Concat was replaced with BiFPN for richer feature fusion.The bidirectional fusion of depth features from top to bottom and from bottom to top enhances the transmission of feature information acrossed different network layers.Utilizing the VoVGSCSP module,feature maps of different scales were connected to create longer feature map vectors,increas-ing model diversity and enhancing small object detection.The convolutional block attention module(CBAM)attention mechanism was introduced to strengthen features of field pests and reduce background weights caused by complexity.Next,the Wise IoU dynam-ic non-monotonic focusing mechanism was implemented to evaluate the quality of anchor boxes using"outlier"instead of IoU.This mechanism also included a gradient gain allocation strategy,which reduced the competitiveness of high-quality anchor frames and minimizes harmful gradients from low-quality examples.This approach allowed WIoU to concentrate on anchor boxes of average quality,improving the network model's generalization ability and overall performance.Subsequently,the improved YOLOv8-Extend model was compared with the original YOLOv8 model,YOLOv5,YOLOv8-GSCONV,YOLOv8-BiFPN,and YOLOv8-CBAM to validate the accuracy and precision of model detection.Finally,the model was deployed on edge devices for inference verification to confirm its effectiveness in practical application scenarios. [Results and Discussions]The results indicated that the improved YOLOv8-Extend model achieved notable improvements in accuracy,recall,mAP@0.5,and mAP@0.5:0.95 evaluation indices.Specifically,there were increases of 2.6%,3.6%,2.4%and 7.2%,respec-tively,showcasing superior detection performance.YOLOv8-Extend and YOLOv8 run respectively on the edge computing device JETSON ORIN NX 16 GB and were accelerated by TensorRT,mAP@0.5 improved by 4.6%,FPS reached 57.6,meeting real-time de-tection requirements.The YOLOv8-Extend model demonstrated better adaptability in complex agricultural scenarios and exhibited clear advantages in detecting small pests and pests sharing similar growth environments in practical data collection.The accuracy in detecting challenging data saw a notable increased of 11.9%.Through algorithm refinement,the model showcased improved capabili-ty in extracting and focusing on features in crop pest target detection,addressing issues such as small targets,similar background tex-tures,and challenging feature extraction. [Conclusions]The YOLOv8-Extend model introduced in this study significantly boosts detection accuracy and recognition rates while upholding high operational efficiency.It is suitable for deployment on edge terminal computing devices to facilitate real-time detec-tion of crop pests,offering technological advancements and methodologies for the advancement of cost-effective terminal-based auto-matic pest recognition systems.This research can serve as a valuable resource and aid in the intelligent detection of other small tar-gets,as well as in optimizing model structures.关键词
YOLOv8/害虫检测/注意力机制/边缘计算/CBAM/BiFPN/VoVGSCSP/GSConvKey words
YOLOv8/pest detection/attention mechanism/edge computing/CBAM/BiFPN/VoVGSCSP/GSConv分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
张荣华,白雪,樊江川..复杂场景下害虫目标检测算法:YOLOv8-Extend[J].智慧农业（中英文）,2024,6(2):49-61,13.基金项目
北京市科技新星计划(Z211100002121065,Z20220484202) （Z211100002121065,Z20220484202）
"十四五"国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2002302-02) Beijing Nova Program(Z211100002121065,Z20220484202) （2022YFD2002302-02）
National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFD2002302-02) （2022YFD2002302-02）
