中国生态农业学报（中英文）2024，Vol.32Issue(5)：804-815,12.DOI:10.12357/cjea.20230666
长期有机肥和化肥配施对黑土细菌群落特征和大豆产量的影响
Effects of long-term combined application of organic and chemical fertilizers on bacterial community characteristics and soybean yields
摘要
Abstract
Returning organic materials is the main agricultural practice used to improve soil microbial diversity and quality.However,the mechanisms underlying the effects of organic material addition on key soil bacterial taxa and the relationship between their ef-fects and soybean yield have not yet been fully elucidated.The correlations between different fertilization practices and soil chemical properties,bacterial communities,and soybean yields were comprehensively evaluated based on a 44-years long-term experiment in Mollisols of Northeast China.The results showed that organic fertilization(M and CFM treatments)significantly increased soil nutri-ent content,microbial biomass carbon content and microbial biomass nitrogen content,in contrast to the no fertilization treatment(NoF treatment).Compared to chemical fertilization(CF treatment),organic fertilization plus chemical fertilization(CFM treatment)significantly increased soybean yield by 61.91％,and the S treatment significantly decreased by 9.54％.Soil bacterial communities showed significant correlations with total carbon(TC),total nitrogen(TN),total potassium(TK),ammonium nitrogen(NH4+-N),ni-trate nitrogen(NO3-N),available potassium(AK),microbial biomass carbon(MBC),microbial biomass nitrogen(MBN),and the C/N ratio.The S and CFM treatments significantly increased the richness and diversity of soil bacterial communities compared to the CF treatment.The richness and diversity of soil bacterial communities in chemical fertilization plus straw returing(CFS treatment)were lower than those in the S treatment,whereas they were higher in the CFM treatment than in the M treatment.The application of fertilizers had a significant impact on the structure of bacterial communities.Significant differences were observed between the M and CFM,S and NoF,and CFS and CF treatments.The bacterial community composition showed higher similarity between the S and NoF treatments,as well as between the CFS and CF treatments.The results of LEfSe analysis showed that there were five,one,seven,four,and four distinct groups in the NoF,S,M,CF,and CFS treatments,respectively.These groups were identified as norank_f_nor-ank_o_Saccharimonadales,Alphaproteobacteria,Vicinamibacterales,Proteobacteria,and Acidobacteria.Fertilization altered the life strategies of soil microorganisms and significantly increased the bacterial abundance of the r-strategy taxa,resulting in a higher ratio of eutrophic bacterial taxa(r-strategy)to oligotrophic bacterial taxa(K-strategy)compared with the NoF treatment.Long-term straw returning(S and CFS treatments)and chemical fertilization(CF treatment)increased bacterial network complexity,whereas it de-creased with organic fertilization(M and CFM treatments).Structural equation modeling(SEM)revealed a significant positive correl-ation between soil ammonium nitrogen,C/N ratio,bacterial network structure complexity,abundance of key taxa(Nitrospira and Gemmatimonas),and soybean yields.Soil available potassium can indirectly affect soybean yield by altering the complexity of bac-terial networks and the abundance of key taxa.The taxa Nitrospira and Gemmatimonas play crucial roles in nitrification and phos-phate metabolism,respecabolism,respectively,and those of two taxa can be used as indicator species to assess soil fertility.In con-clusion,organic and chemical fertilization increased the abundance of key beneficial microbial taxa,bacterial community diversity,and soybean yield.关键词
黑土区/施肥措施/土壤理化性状/细菌关键类群/大豆产量Key words
Black soil zone/Fertilization practices/Soil physicochemical properties/Bacterial key taxa/Soybean yields分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
方海瑞,刘俊杰,陈雪丽,姜宇,刘株秀,顾海东,万书明,肖洋..长期有机肥和化肥配施对黑土细菌群落特征和大豆产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报（中英文）,2024,32(5):804-815,12.基金项目
国家重点研发计划"政府间国际科技创新合作"重点专项项目(2023YFE0104700)、黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(ZD2022D001)和黑龙江省省属科研院所科研业务费项目(CZKYF2022-1-B014)资助 The study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program"Intergovernmental Cooperation in International Science and Tech-nology Innovation"(2023YFE0104700),the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(ZD2022D001),and Heilongjiang Province Provin-cial Research Institutes Scientific Research Operating Expenses Project(CZKYF2022-1-B014). （2023YFE0104700）
