中国生态农业学报（中英文）2024，Vol.32Issue(5)：816-826,11.DOI:10.12357/cjea.20230476
施磷量对不同耐低磷型水稻品质及淀粉合成酶活性的影响
Effects of phosphorus fertilizer application rate on grain quality and starch syn-thase activity of different low-phosphorus-tolerant varieties of rice
摘要
Abstract
Phosphorus(P),an essential nutrient for plant growth and development,significantly affects rice yield and quality.A pot experiment was conducted to examine the influence of different phosphorus fertilizer application rates on the quality of different low-phosphorus-tolerant rice varieties and the enzyme activities of superior and inferior grains.Using'Lianjing 7'(low-phosphorus sensi-tive)and'Yongyou 26040'(low-phosphorus tolerant)as the experimental rice varieties,four phosphate fertilizer application rates were set:0,60,120,and 180 kg(P2O5)·hm-2,denoted as P0,P60,P120,and P180,respectively.The relationship between quality and enzyme activity related to starch synthesis in superior and inferior grains of different varieties was analyzed.This study aimed to provide a reference for high-quality rice cultivation.The results demonstrated the following:1)compared with no phosphorus appli-cation,phosphorus fertilization improved rice quality.An increase in the phosphorus application rate resulted in initial increases followed by decreases in brown rice rate,milled rice rate,and head rice rate.The chalky grain rate,chalky area,degree of chalkiness,alkali spreading value,and amylose content decreased and then increased.The rice quality of'Lianjing 7'and'Yongyou 2640'were optimized under P120 and P60 treatment,respectively.For example,the brown rice rate,milled rice rate,and head rice increased by 19.6％,25.3％,and 79.7％('Lianjing 7'under P120 treatment)and 17.8％,23.5％,and 38.4％('Yongyou 2640'under P60 treatment),respectively,compared with P0 treatment.The quality of'Yongyou 2640'was better than that of'Lianjing 7'.2)Compared with no phosphorus application,phosphorus fertilization enhanced the activities of enzymes related to starch synthesis in rice.With an in-crease in the phosphorus application rate,the adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase(AGPase),soluble starch synthase(StSase),sucrose synthase(SuSase),starch branching enzyme(Q-enzyme),and adenosine triphosphatase(ATPase)activities of su-perior and inferior grains increased and then decreased.Generally,the enzyme activities of'Lianjing 7'and'Yongyou 2640'were highest under P120 and P60 treatment,respectively,under which the AGPase and StSase activities of superior grains in the middle stage of grain filling increased by 18.4％and 51.1％('Lianjing 7')and 20.0％and 51.5％('Yongyou 2640'),respectively,compared with P0 treatment.The enzyme activities of'Yongyou 2640'were higher than those of'Lianjing 7'.3)Correlations among protein content,amylose content,and starch synthesis-related enzyme activities were found to vary between different low-phosphorus-tolerantt varieties.The activities of enzymes related to starch synthesis were significantly affected by the protein content of'Lianjing 7',but less affected by the amylose content,while they were significantly affected by the amylose content of'Yongyou 2640',and less affected by its protein content.'Lianjing 7'and'Yongyou 2640'showed the highest enzyme activities of superior and inferior grains under the P120 and P60 treatments,respectively,promoting the synthesis and accumulation of grain starch,giving rise to improved rice quality.关键词
水稻/耐低磷品种/施磷量/强弱势粒/稻米品质/淀粉合成酶Key words
Rice/Low-phosphorus-tolerant variety/Phosphorus fertilizer application rate/Superior and inferior grains/Grain quality/Starch synthase分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
李雨阳,李浩晶,郝威名,赵喜辉,曹静,徐国伟..施磷量对不同耐低磷型水稻品质及淀粉合成酶活性的影响[J].中国生态农业学报（中英文）,2024,32(5):816-826,11.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(U1304316)、河南省自然科学基金项目(212300410341)、河南省科技攻关项目(242102110169)和河南科技大学博士科研启动基金项目(13480108)资助 The study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1304316),the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(212300410341),Key Scientific and Technological Projects in Henan Province(242102110169),and the Doctoral Research Project of Henan Uni-versity of Science and Technology(13480108). （U1304316）
