State-Based Opacity Verification of Networked Dis-crete Event Systems Using Labeled Petri NetsOACSTPCDEI

The opaque property plays an important role in the operation of a security-critical system,implying that pre-defined secret information of the system is not able to be inferred through partially observing its behavior.This paper addresses the verifi-cation of current-state,initial-state,infinite-step,and K-step opac-ity of networked discrete event systems modeled by labeled Petri nets,where communication losses and delays are considered.Based on the symbolic technique for the representation of states in Petri nets,an observer and an estimator are designed for the verification of current-state and initial-state opacity,respectively.Then,we propose a structure called an I-observer that is com-bined with secret states to verify whether a networked discrete event system is infinite-step opaque or K-step opaque.Due to the utilization of symbolic approaches for the state-based opacity ver-ification,the computation of the reachability graphs of labeled Petri nets is avoided,which dramatically reduces the computa-tional overheads stemming from networked discrete event sys-tems.