密码学报2024，Vol.11Issue(2)：282-307,26.DOI:10.13868/j.cnki.jcr.000680
可验证延迟函数与延迟加密研究综述
A Survey on Verifiable Delay Functions and Delay Encryptions
摘要
Abstract
Verifiable delay function(VDF)is a novel cryptographic primitive proposed by Boneh et al.in 2018.Whether it is performed in parallel or not,it calculates and outputs the function result at a fixed time of computation,and the verification is fast.In de-centralized applications such as random beacon and blockchain protocols,it can be used to some computational tasks such as repeated squares to provide reliable proof of elapsed time(PoET).This paper focuses on five VDF candidate schemes and their constructions,compares their advantages and disadvantages.It also illustrates their possible problems and characteristics,and describes the applications of VDF in random beacons,resource-efficient blockchains,proof of replication,computation of timestamp,delayed encryption,etc.In particular,the delayed encryption introduced in 2021 is analyzed in detail,and two existing delayed encryption schemes are also analyzed.On the basis of existing VDF studies,this paper summarizes the current state-of-the-art of VDFs and puts forward their views.It shows that Loe et al.P-VDF is the most practical protocol among the five VDF candidates,and it has the advantage of empty proof and efficient validation,and its validation algorithm runs with time complexity O(1).Finally,the development trends and discussion of VDFs are presented.关键词
时间锁谜题/可验证延迟函数/顺序缓慢计算/快速验证/延迟加密Key words
time-lock puzzles/verifiable delay function/sequential slow computation/fast verifica-tion/delay encryption分类
信息技术与安全科学引用本文复制引用
李鹏,张明武,杨波..可验证延迟函数与延迟加密研究综述[J].密码学报,2024,11(2):282-307,26.基金项目
国家自然科学基金(62072134) （62072134）
国家自然科学基金委员会-广东联合基金重点项目(U2001205) （U2001205）
湖北省重点研发计划(2021BEA163) （2021BEA163）
广西自然科学基金重点项目(2019JJD170020)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62072134) （2019JJD170020）
Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China-Guangdong Joint Fund(U2001205) （U2001205）
Hubei Provincial Key R&D Program(2021BEA163) （2021BEA163）
Key Project of Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(2019JJD170020) （2019JJD170020）
