旱作区立旋耕和地表覆盖对蒙古黄芪土壤水热、冠层发育及产量的影响OA北大核心CSTPCD
Effects of Vertical Rotary Tillage and Surface Mulching on Soil Hydrothermal,Canopy Development and Yield of Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus in Dryland
目的:探索旱作区调节蒙古黄芪土壤水热、促进蒙古黄芪冠层发育和抗旱增收的栽培模式.方法:采用裂区设计,设置立旋耕和普旋耕2种旋耕方式,黑膜、玉米秸秆和露地栽培3种覆盖方式,研究立旋耕和地表覆盖对蒙古黄芪土壤水热、冠层发育及产量的影响.结果:因种子成熟期蒙古黄芪耗水量较大,其0～100 cm 土壤贮水量低于苗期和花期,但立旋耕覆黑膜和普旋耕覆黑膜两个覆膜处理在苗期至种子成熟期0～100 cm 土壤贮水量均显著高于普旋耕+露地栽培(CK);不同处理苗期至种子成熟期8:00、14:00和18:00不同深度土层温度均呈先增加后降低的趋势,其中立旋耕覆黑膜处理与CK的土壤温差在花期最高(5.5℃);不同处理苗期至种子成熟期蒙古黄芪冠层温度均表现为CK最高,立旋耕覆黑膜处理最低;蒙古黄芪各生育期叶片叶绿素含量相对值(SPAD值)、叶面积指数(LAI)、单根鲜重、产量和经济收益均以立旋耕覆黑膜处理最高,立旋耕露地栽培、立旋耕覆黑膜和立旋耕覆秸秆处理各指标均显著高于CK.结论:立旋耕结合地表覆盖可使蒙古黄芪处于相对稳定的土壤水热环境中,尤其立旋耕覆黑膜是促进旱作区蒙古黄芪冠层发育、提高土壤水热和产量的重要栽培模式.考虑到覆黑膜会对环境造成污染,立旋耕露地和覆秸秆栽培模式可代替覆黑膜应用于蒙古黄芪的栽培生产中.
Objective:To explore the cultivation mode of regulating soil hydrothermal,promoting canopy development,drought re-sistance and increasing yield of Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus in dryland.Methods:The effects of vertical rotary tillage and general rotary tillage on soil hydrothermal,canopy development and yield of Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus were studied by using split plot design and setting up two rotating tillage methods(vertical rotary tillage and general rotary tillage)and three mulching methods(black film,corn straw and open field cultivation).Results:Due to the high water consumption of Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus at seed maturity stage,the water storage of 0～100 cm soil was lower than that at seedling and flowering stage,but the water storage of 0～100 cm soil under vertical rotary tillage and general rotary tillage was significantly higher than that under general rotary tillage with open field cultivation(CK)from seedling stage to seed maturity stage.From seedling stage to seed maturity stage at 8:00,14:00 and 18:00,soil temperature at different depths increased first and then decreased,and the soil temperature difference between vertical rotary tillage with black film treatment and CK treatment was the highest at flowering stage(5.5℃).From seedling stage to seed maturity stage,the canopy temperature was the highest in CK,and the lowest in vertical rotary tillage with black film treat-ment.The chlorophyll content relative value(SPAD value)in leaves,leaf area index(LAI),fresh weight per root,yield and economic income of Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus at each growth stage were the highest under vertical rotary tillage with black film treatment,and the indices under vertical spin tillage with black film and straw treatments were significantly higher than those under CK.Conclusion;Vertical rotary tillage combined with surface mulch can keep Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus in a relatively sta-ble soil hydrothermal environment,especially vertical rotary tillage with black film is an important cultivation mode to promote the cano-py development of Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus and improve soil hydrothermal and yield in dryland.Considering the pollu-tion cased by the black film to the environment,vertical rotary tillage and straw mulch cultivation mode can replace the black film mulch in the cultivation and production of Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus.
李丽;潘晓春;汪淑霞;杨荣洲;刘莉莉;王文娟;王富胜
定西市农业科学研究院,甘肃定西 743000
中医学
立旋耕和地表覆盖蒙古黄芪土壤水热冠层发育产量
Vertical rotary tillage and surface coverageAstragalus membranaceus(Fisch.)Bge.var.mongholicus(Bge.)HsiaoSoil hydrothermalCanopy developmentYield
《中药材》 2024 (001)
7-11 / 5
甘肃省科技重大专项(20ZD7NA007);定西市科技计划项目(DX2021AN10)
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