工程研究——跨学科视野中的工程2024，Vol.16Issue(3)：278-287,10.DOI:10.3724/j.issn.1674-4969.23011025
活性污泥法污水处理技术在上海的早期传入与实践
Early Introduction and Practice of Activated Sludge Sewage Treatment Technology in Shanghai
摘要
Abstract
In 1917,the Shanghai International Settlement's Municipal Council invited British chemist Gilbert John Fowler to Shanghai to assess the water quality and urban environment within the settlement.Fowler proposed a wastewater treatment solution using the activated sludge process.After understanding and mastering the activated sludge technology,the Municipal Council decided to apply it in the Settlement. The article uses archival documents to study the introduction,proposal,research,selection,and exploratory practice of wastewater treatment technology in the Shanghai International Settlement.It is divided into four main parts: (1)The invention of the activated sludge process is outlined.In 1914,Gilbert John Fowler,along with his students Edward Ardern and William T.Lockett,conducted experiments on activated sludge,turning wastewater clear and producing a nitrogen-rich substance—activated sludge. (2)The proposal and selection of wastewater treatment solutions are studied.The widespread use of flush toilets led to severe water environmental problems.In response,the Municipal Council began seeking solutions.In 1918,Fowler was invited to Shanghai by the Council,where he proposed using the activated sludge process to address Shanghai's water issues based on the local environment. (3)The suitability of the activated sludge process as examined by the Municipal Council is analyzed.In 1919,following Fowler's proposal,the Council's board studied its feasibility and dispatched engineer Chas.H.Godfrey to research the activated sludge process. (4)The application of the activated sludge process by the Municipal Council is discussed.In 1919,the Council began small-scale experiments with the activated sludge method,constructing four experimental wastewater treatment plants.The experiments proved that the activated sludge process could solve the wastewater issues,and Percy Gaunt was hired as a new sanitary chemist to work on wastewater treatment. During this period,the introduction of wastewater treatment methods in the Shanghai International Settlement underwent a process of proposal,research,selection,and exploratory practice.The introduction of the activated sludge wastewater treatment technology by the Municipal Council is a typical example of Western advanced technology entering modern China.The study of the introduction,assessment,exploration,and application of Western wastewater treatment technology in Shanghai provides a model for technological introduction and reflects the general characteristics of advanced technology adoption.However,the impact of the activated sludge method was limited to within the Settlement;its introduction was entirely operated by foreigners,which hardly enabled Chinese to master the technology,marking a limitation of this technological introduction.关键词
污水处理/上海公共租界/活性污泥法/技术引进Key words
wastewater treatment/Shanghai public concession/activated sludge process/technology introduction分类
通用工业技术引用本文复制引用
徐子钦,段海龙..活性污泥法污水处理技术在上海的早期传入与实践[J].工程研究——跨学科视野中的工程,2024,16(3):278-287,10.基金项目
内蒙古师范大学基本科研业务费专项资金资助"中西科技文化交流与传统工艺案例研究"(2022JBXC019) （2022JBXC019）
内蒙古师范大学研究生科研创新基金资助项目"污水处理技术在中国的传播"(CXJJS22142) （CXJJS22142）
