工程研究——跨学科视野中的工程2024，Vol.16Issue(3)：297-311,15.DOI:10.3724/j.issn.1674-4969.20240056
抗战时期高等工程教育职能探析——以西北联合大学为例
Analysis on Functions of Higher Engineering Education in the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression:Taking Northwest Union University as an Example
摘要
Abstract
Engineering capability is of strategic significance to the victory or defeat of a war,so the war puts forward the demand for the training of engineering talents.The higher engineering education during the War of Resistance was paid special attention because of its strong practicality and emphasis on solving practical engineering problems.Under difficult conditions,it still insisted on running schools with the scale expanding and the level improving continuously,which interpreted the functions of universities in the special period.Taking Northwest Union University as an example,although in the flames of the War of Resistance,it took the initiative to undertake the special functions of adapting to the needs of the War of Resistance and developing and building Northwest China while played the functions of traditional universities in personnel training,scientific research and social service.To cultivate special talents needed by the War of Resistance,the curriculum and teaching methods were adjusted for talent training,by adding subjects related to national defense.For example,weapons and telecommunications engineering majors were added to mechanical disciplines to teach military telecommunications and the composition and use of power grids.Besides,the university adhered to scientific research,by establishing engineering research organizations,offering engineering lectures,organizing resource surveys in Northwest China,and carrying out engineering academic research.Furthermore,it actively served the social development of Northwest China,by establishing the Engineering Promotion Department,allowing teachers and students to work in the field of Northwest Engineering,and actively cooperating with local governments in engineering.Higher Engineering Education in the War of Resistance took the initiative to undertake the special functions of founding a country during the War of Resistance.Due to the War of Resistance,the rational layout of higher education resources across the country were realized,enabling Northwest China which originally had no higher engineering education to establish an engineering education system with many professional categories and complete school-running levels.After the War of Resistance,some teachers and students stayed in Northwest China to continue running schools and contribute to the construction of Northwest China.The capability of engineering disciplines to serve the development of the country was improved by adding courses tanning and telecommunications to cultivate practical talents needed by the War of Resistance,paying attention to the teaching of practical knowledge on the battlefield and improving practical ability.As a result,people from all walks of life also had a new understanding of engineering disciplines.The War of Resistance made the society form an atmosphere of attaching importance to practical subjects.Parents encouraged young students to apply for engineering subjects,and students were also proud of applying for engineering subjects when communicating.Also,the development of engineering disciplines was promoted by actively implementing measures such as the loan bursary system and the treatment of public-funded students for engineering disciplines.Higher Engineering Education in the War of Resistance the initiative to combine national interests with the fate of teachers and students,shouldered the important task of developing Northwest China and serving the War of Resistance,took national interests as the spiritual motivation for running schools,took the development of Northwest China as its own responsibility,gave full play to the advantages of engineering disciplines,solved practical problems in the field of engineering,and answered the epoch proposition of"education is the basis of national rejuvenation"from a deep level.关键词
西北联合大学/高等工程教育/抗战建国/大学职能Key words
Northwest Union University/higher engineering education/national interests/functions of university分类
自科综合引用本文复制引用
陈印政..抗战时期高等工程教育职能探析——以西北联合大学为例[J].工程研究——跨学科视野中的工程,2024,16(3):297-311,15.基金项目
国家社会科学基金重大项目(19ZDA214)"中国近代科学社团资料的整理、研究与数据库建设"阶段性成果 （19ZDA214）
