渔业科学进展2024，Vol.45Issue(3)：159-170,12.DOI:10.19663/j.issn2095-9869.20221227001
投喂率对凡纳对虾中间培育生长、生理和水环境的影响
Effects of Feeding Rate on the Intermediate Cultivation of Penaeus vannamei
摘要
Abstract
Penaeus vannamei Boone is an important economic species in aquaculture.It has become the main species of shrimp cultured in China due to its fast growth rate,high yield,and delicious meat.Segmented culture,which is important for promoting the environmental adaptation of shrimp,reducing the negative impact of diseases and improving the success of culture,is considered one of the major methods of shrimp farming.The intermediate cultivation stage is an important stage of shrimp farming as it determines the success or failure of economic benefits.P.vannamei are usually reared in intensive aquaculture systems that are highly dependent on bait feeding,which makes optimizing feeding rates fundamental to obtaining farming benefits.The feeding rate is the amount of bait as a percentage of the body mass of the cultured object,which is an important factor affecting the shrimp factory farming.Feeding rate directly affects the survival and specific growth rate of the cultured species;an excessively slow feeding rate will slow the growth of cultured objects and affect the normal development,while an excessively high feeding rate will increase the cost of breeding and cause accumulation of residual bait,which reduces water quality and may even result in death of the cultured objects.Therefore,it is necessary to determine the appropriate feeding rate to improve baiting efficiency and to satisfy the needs of sustainable aquaculture.However,in the intermediate cultivation stage,the determination of feeding rates relies on farming experience and lacks a scientific basis.To the best of our knowledge,few scholars have analyzed the influencing mechanisms of different feeding rates on shrimp growth,physiology,and water environment separately from the perspectives of exogenous and endogenous factors;however,there is a lack of comprehensive studies on the combined effects of feeding rates.Therefore,there is an urgent need to elaborate on the intrinsic connections between different parameters,such as the growth and physiological indicators of P.vannamei,water quality,as well as the microbial communities in the culture environment.The main objectives of this study are(1)to analyze the effects of different feeding rates on water quality conditions,microbial community structure,non-specific immunity indicators,and the growth performance of shrimp during the intermediate cultivational stage;(2)to elucidate the interaction between feeding rates and different indicators;and(3)to determine the appropriate feeding rate of the intermediate cultivation of P.vannamei. In this study,three groups of feeding rates,namely T5(5％),T7.5(7.5％),and T10(10％),were used to feed P.vannamei during the intermediate cultivation stage for 30 d.The effects of different feeding rates on water quality,microbial community structure,non-specific immune indices,and growth performance in the intermediate cultivation of P.vannamei were analyzed.During the experiment,water quality and shrimp growth were regularly tested,and pH,salinity,temperature,and dissolved oxygen were maintained in a range suitable for shrimp growth.At the end of the experiment,the hepatopancreas of shrimp was used for non-specific immunity activity testing,and the microbial community characteristics of different culture densities were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing technology(Illumina MiSeq).Results showed that the concentrations of total ammonia nitrogen(TAN),NO2-N,and chemical oxygen demand(COD)gradually increased as the experiment continued,and significant difference could be observed at the end of the experiment,T10＞T7.5＞T5(P＜0.05).Analysis of the microbial community structure showed an increasing tendency in richness and diversity with increasing feeding rates.At the phylum level,Proteobacteria(50.36％-67.53％)and Bacteroldota(12.09％-67.53％)were dominant in all samples;at the genus level,the relative abundance of Vibrio(harmful to P.vannamei)was the highest at T10(37.33％)and lowest at T5(0.13％),while the relative abundance of Pseudoalteromonas(beneficial to P.vannamei)was the highest at T7.5(9.78％)and lowest at T10(0.28％).Results of the redundancy analysis showed that the microbial community in the culture water with a feeding rate of 5％was positively correlated with salinity and temperature,and salinity had greater effect on microbial communities than temperature.The microbial community with feeding rate of 7.5％and 10％was positively affected by TAN,COD,and pH,and the effect of TAN on microbial community was greater than that of COD and pH.The superoxide dismutase,catalase,alkaline phosphatase,and acid phosphatase activities were the highest in T7.5 and were the lowest in T10(P＜0.05).The final average weight and length of T7.5 and T10 were significantly greater than those of T5(P＜0.05),while there was no significant difference between T7.5 and T10(P＞0.05).Survival rate was the highest at T5(83.12％)and lowest at T10(68.52％),with a significant difference(P＜0.05).Factor analysis showed that the highest overall score of 0.92 was achieved at T7.5.This study showed that a feeding rate of 7.5％could improve growth performance and non-specific immunity in P.vannamei,and T7.5 was recommended for the intermediate cultivation of P.vannamei.This study elucidated the interactions between feeding rates and different indicators and determined the appropriate feeding rate for the intermediate cultivation of P.vannamei.This study might help optimize the feeding rates for the intermediate cultivational stage with a view to providing technical guidance for the improvement of the success rate of P.vannamei.关键词
投喂率/凡纳对虾/中间培育/养殖水环境/非特异性免疫/生长性能/综合得分Key words
Feeding rates/Penaeus vannamei/Intermediate cultivational stage/Aquaculture water environment/Non-specific immunity/Growth performance/Composite score分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
王立威,李甍,宋协法,李贤,董登攀,陈钊,白雪松..投喂率对凡纳对虾中间培育生长、生理和水环境的影响[J].渔业科学进展,2024,45(3):159-170,12.基金项目
国家重点研发计划(2019YFD0900500)资助. （2019YFD0900500）
