山东农业科学2024，Vol.56Issue(5)：59-68,10.DOI:10.14083/j.issn.1001-4942.2024.05.008
优化管理对小麦-玉米轮作系统植株干物质积累、转运与产量的影响
Effects of Optimized Managements on Accumulation and Translocation of Dry Matter and Crop Yield in Wheat-Maize Rotation System
摘要
Abstract
Aimed at the problems of soil degradation and crop yield reduction caused by improper straw treatment and unreasonable fertilizer application in wheat-maize rotation system,six optimized management models of water,fertilizer and straw were set,and their effects on dry matter accumulation,translocation and yield of wheat and maize were investigated,hoping to provide a scientific basis for the improvement of field management in wheat-maize rotation system.The farmers'conventional management model(flooding irrigation+conventional fertilization+straw returning)was treated as control(CK).Two water and fertilizer optimal methods including drip irrigation+synergistic compound fertilizer+stable urea(water and fertilizer optimiza-tion Ⅰ,SS)and integrated water and fertilizer+synergistic compound fertilizer(water and fertilizer optimiza-tion Ⅱ,SF)were set,and three straw treatments were taken under each method as straw returning,straw re-turning+decomposing agent(D),and no straw returning+straw biochar(C),which formed six treatments and were marked as SS,SSD,SSC,SF,SFD and SFC,respectively.The results showed that SSC treatment effectively improved the dry matter accumulation and translocation of maize.Compared with CK,the pre-flow-ering dry matter transshipment volume,translocation efficiency and the contribution rate of pre-flowering dry matter to grain were significantly increased by 56.6%,7.14 percentage points and 10.93 percentage points,re-spectively.The dry matter accumulation of wheat was the highest in SS treatment,which was significantly in-creased by 23.2%(SSD)～115.1%(SF)compared with the other treatments.SFD treatment effectively pro-moted dry matter translocation with the dry matter translocation efficiency and the contribution rate of pre-flow-ering translocation to grain significantly increased by 3.04 and 7.08 percentage points compared with CK,re-spectively.The yield of both maize and wheat under SSC and SFD treatments were significantly higher than those of other treatments,and increased by 21.8%and 16.2%(SSC)and 14.2%and 23.6%(SFD)com-pared with CK,respectively.In conclusion,among all the optimized managements,SSC and SFD treatments increased dry matter accumulation and promoted dry matter translocation to grain effectively,enhanced the proportion of dry matter distribution in grains at maturity,and increased crop yield under wheat-maize rotation system,which could be widely applied in production.关键词
水肥优化/秸秆还田/小麦-玉米轮作系统/干物质积累/干物质转运/作物产量Key words
Water and fertilizer optimization/Straw returing/Dry matter accumulation/Dry matter translocation/Crop yield分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
曹议丹,钱麟君,霍俊豪,邹晓霞..优化管理对小麦-玉米轮作系统植株干物质积累、转运与产量的影响[J].山东农业科学,2024,56(5):59-68,10.基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目"协同增效氮磷淋失阻控综合技术模式研发与应用"(2017YFD0800605) （2017YFD0800605）
青岛农业大学研究生创新计划项目(QNYCX22012) （QNYCX22012）
