分层施肥对花生田土壤养分动态变化的影响研究OA北大核心CSTPCD

The purpose of this study was to clarify the dynamics of soil nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in peanut field under different layered fertilization treatments,which can provide scientific basis for exploring the characteristics of nutrient absorption and utilization,and optimizing the scheme of layered ferti-lization.The peanut variety Qinghua7 was used as the test material in this study,and the conventional rotary tillage fertilization was used as the control(CK).Two layered fertilization treatments(double-layered fertili-zation:fertilization in the 10 cm and 25 cm soil layers under the sowing row;triple-layered fertilization:ferti-lization in the 10 cm,15 cm and 25 cm soil layers under the sowing row)and three fertilization gradients(no fertilizer reduction:750 kg/ha;fertilizer reduction by 10%:675 kg/ha;fertilizer reduction by 20%:600 kg/ha),a total of 7 treatments were set to study the dynamic changes of soil nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in different growth stages of peanut.The results showed that in the peanut spherical-plant stage,the concen-tration of soil available phosphorus in the 10-20 cm soil layer under double-layered fertilization treatments with no fertilizer reduction,10% fertilizer reduction,and 20% fertilizer reduction was significantly increased by 34.1%,53.2% and 54.6%,and the concentration of soil nitrate nitrogen in the 20-30 cm soil layer was significantly increased by 29.4%,69.9% and 58.1% compared with CK.In the early stage of peanut pod-bear-ing,the concentration of soil available phosphorus in the 0-30 cm soil layer under the triple-layered fertilization with no fertilizer reduction,10% fertilizer reduction,and 20% fertilizer reduction was significantly increased by 53.7%-113.9%,7.8%-122.5% and 46.1%-87.5% compared with CK,respectively,and the concentration of soil available potassium and ammonium nitrogen in the 10-20 cm soil layer under layered fertilization treatments were 34.3% and 52.3% higher than CK on average,respectively.In the middle stage of peanut pod-bearing,the concentration of soil available potassium and ammonium nitrogen in the 30-40 cm soil layer under layered fertilization treatments was significantly higher than that of CK,increased by 12.5% and 21.1%,respectively.In the maturity stage,the concentration of available phosphorus in the 0-30 cm soil layer under each layered fertilization treatment was similar,but when the 750 kg/ha compound fertilizer was applied under layered fertilization,the concentration of available phosphorus in the 30-40 cm soil layer was significantly increased by 35.3% and 64.7% com-pared with CK,and the pod yield was significantly increased by 7.2% and 17.4% compared with CK under the double layered fertilization with 750 kg/ha and 675 kg/ha compound fertilizer amount.In conclusion,layered fertilization had a positive effect on optimizing the dynamics of soil nutrient,which promoted the rational distribution of nutrients in each growing stage of peanut,increased the full fruit rate of peanut,and laid a foundation for the increase of peanut yield.To meet the simplified requirement of field production,it is recommended to use the double-layered fertilization with 675-750 kg/ha compound fertilizer amount in peanut production.