斜发沸石对干湿交替条件下水稻产量和氮素累积的影响OA北大核心CSTPCD
Effects of clinoptilolite on yield and nitrogen accumulation of rice under alternate wetting and drying irrigation
[目的]斜发沸石作为一种优良的土壤改良剂,因其具有改善土壤养分、提高水稻产量、减少氮素流失等积极作用而广泛用于水稻生产中.通过田间定位试验,探究干湿交替灌溉条件下斜发沸石对水稻氮素吸收利用和产量的长期影响.[方法]在 2017-2021 年连续 5 年进行原位大田试验.试验设计为随机区组试验,设置常规淹灌条件下不施斜发沸石(ICFZ0),干湿交替灌溉下不施斜发沸石(IAWDZ0)和干湿交替灌溉下施加10 t/hm2 斜发沸石(IAWDZ10)3 个处理,斜发沸石于 2017 年施入土壤,之后 4 年(2018-2021)不再施用.水稻生育期内定期取 0-30 cm土壤样品用于测定无机氮含量,每年水稻成熟期,调查籽粒产量量及主要产量构成因子,计算地上部氮累积量、氮肥偏生产力.[结果]ICFZ0 和IAWDZ0 处理的水稻产量、地上部氮累积量和氮肥偏生产力差异均不显著.与ICFZ0 和IAWDZ0 处理相比,IAWDZ10 处理连续 5 年均显著提高了地上部氮累积量和产量,但增长率随定位试验的延长有所下降.IAWDZ10 处理氮肥偏生产力较ICFZ0 和IAWDZ0 处理分别增加了 9.67～13.44 和 5.53～9.55 kg/kg,产量分别增加了 1.26～2.42 和 1.00～1.72 t/hm2.与IAWDZ0 相比,IAWDZ10 处理地上部干物质累积量在拔节孕穗期、抽穗开花期、乳熟期和成熟期分别增加了 20.96%～31.24%、16.89%～30.44%、17.87%～25.45%和 13.43%～21.12%,地上部氮累积量分别增加了 19.92%～47.14%、14.90%～43.88%、21.68%～31.37%和 7.18%～30.27%.IAWDZ0 与ICFZ0 处理土壤无机氮含量差异不显著,IAWDZ10 处理土壤无机氮含量最高,较IAWDZ0 处理增加了 19.88%～40.96%.在分蘖—穗肥阶段,5 年间IAWDZ10 处理的土壤NH4+-N含量较ICFZ0 和IAWDZ0 处理分别增加了 31.83%～48.84%和 28.35%～52.80%.IAWDZ0 和ICFZ0 处理收获后土壤全氮含量差异不显著,IAWDZ10 较ICFZ0 处理显著提高了收获期土壤全氮含量,提升幅度为 9.27%～11.41%,这表明随着时间的延长,斜发沸石并不会对土壤养分产生负面影响,反而对土壤养分具有长期改善的作用.[结论]在干湿交替灌溉条件下,一次性施用斜发沸石可连续多年提高水稻生育期土壤铵态氮含量、增加土壤全氮,进而促进水稻氮吸收,提高氮肥偏生产力和产量.因此,斜发沸石可用于新型灌溉技术下提高水稻产量,实现稻田可持续利用.
[Objectives]Clinoptilolite has been widely used as a soil amendment in rice production due to its positive effects of improving soil nutrients and decreasing N losses.We carried out a located field experiment to investigate the lasting effects of clinoptilolite on nitrogen uptake and yield of rice under alternate wetting and drying irrigation(AWD)[Methods]The located rice field experiment was conducted consecutively from 2018 to 2021,using a completely randomized block design.The treatments included no clinoptilolite addition under continuous flooding irrigation(ICFZ0),no clinoptilolite addition under AWD(IAWDZ0),and 10 t/hm2 clinoptilolite addition under AWD(IAWDZ10),clinoptilolite was applied in 2017 and was not applied later on.0-30 cm soil samples were collected regularly during rice growing season for determination of soil inorganic nitrogen content.Rice plant and grain biomass and nitrogen content were investigated for calculation of aboveground N accumulation and N partial factor productivity(NPFP).[Results]ICFZ0 and IAWDZ0 treatments were recorded similar yield,aboveground N accumulation,and NPFP.IAWDZ10 significantly increased rice aboveground N accumulation and grain yield for five consecutive years,compared to ICFZ0.The NPFP in IAWDZ10 was 9.67-13.44 kg/kg and 5.53-9.55 kg/kg higher than in ICFZ0 and IAWDZ0,the grain yield was 1.26-2.42 t/hm2 and 1.00-1.72 t/hm2 higher than in ICFZ0 and IAWDZ0,respectively.The aboveground biomass in IAWDZ10 was 20.96%-31.24%,16.89%-30.44%,17.87%-25.45%,and 13.43%-21.12%higher than in IAWDZ0 at periods of jointing-booting,heading-flowering,milky ripening,and maturing stage,respectively.The aboveground N accumulation in IAWDZ10 was 19.92%-47.14%,14.90%-43.88%,21.68%-31.37%,and 7.18%-30.27%higher than in IAWDZ0 at periods of jointing-booting,heading-flowering,milky ripening,and maturing stage,respectively.IAWDZ0 was tested similar soil inorganic N with ICFZ0 treatment,while IAWDZ10 treatment was tested 19.88%-40.96%higher inorganic N than IAWDZ0 treatment.The soil NH4+-N content in IAWDZ10 was 31.83%-48.84%and 28.35%-52.80%higher than that in ICFZ0 and IAWDZ0 from tillering to panicle fertilizer stage,respectively.There was no significant difference between IAWDZ0 and ICFZ0 treatment in soil total N content after harvest.T.Treatment IAWDZ10 significantly increased soil total N by 9.27%-11.41%after harvest,compared with ICFZ0.This indicated that clinoptilolite did not negatively affect soil nutrients over time,but had a lasting effect instead.[Conclusions]Under alternate wetting and drying irrigation,applying clinoptilolite in large quantities has a lasting and stable effect on improving soil seasonal NH4+-N and total N content,thereby increasing rice aboveground N accumulation,NPFP,and yield continuously.Clinoptilolite application is recommended as a green and efficient measurement for sustainable agriculture.
赵清;沙炎;王术;陈涛涛;迟道才
沈阳农业大学水利学院,辽宁沈阳 110866东北农业大学水利与土木工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨 150030沈阳农业大学农学院,辽宁沈阳 110866沈阳农业大学水利学院,辽宁沈阳 110866||沈阳农业大学国家生物炭研究院,辽宁沈阳 110866||农业农村部生物炭与土壤改良重点实验室,辽宁沈阳 110866
斜发沸石氮干湿交替灌溉水稻产量
clinoptilolitenitrogenalternate wetting and drying irrigationriceyield
《植物营养与肥料学报》 2024 (005)
922-933 / 12
国家自然科学基金项目(52379043;51709173);辽宁省应用基础研究计划项目青年专项(2023030237-JH2/1016);辽宁省"兴辽英才计划"项目(XLYC1902064).
评论