长期玉米秸秆还田对褐土细菌群落和酶活性的影响OA北大核心CSTPCD
Effects of long-term maize straw return on bacterial communities and enzyme activities in cinnamon soil
[目的]探讨不同秸秆还田模式对褐土农田养分的影响,解析土壤胞外酶活性和菌群功能的变化特征,为高效提升褐土农田土壤肥力提供理论依据.[方法]本研究基于 1992-2022 年位于山西寿阳的长期定位试验,包括 4 种玉米秸秆还田方式处理:秸秆不还田(CK)、秸秆过腹还田(CM)、秸秆粉碎直接还田(SC)和秸秆覆盖还田(SM).取样分析土壤养分含量和胞外酶活性;利用高通量测序技术、FAPROTAX功能预测和生态网络方法,分析细菌群落结构,预测菌群功能.[结果]1)长期不同秸秆还田方式(SM、SC和CM)均可显著提高土壤肥力、玉米产量和胞外酶活性.与CK相比,3 个秸秆还田处理的土壤有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)、全钾(TK)、碱解氮(AN)、有效磷(AP)和速效钾(AK)含量分别提升了 17.0%～42.9%、3.0%～50.0%、2.3%～27.9%、4.4%～11.5%、11.2%～71.0%、14.1%～320.8%、17.1%～153.6%;土壤葡萄糖苷酶(β-GC)、纤维二糖水解酶(CBH)和脱氢酶(DHA)含量分别提升了35.6%～190.7%、41.9%～58.6%和28.8%～773.8%;玉米累计产量提高了 6.4%～23.0%.2)SM、SC和CM处理提高了土壤细菌Chao 1 指数、Peilou's evenness指数和Shannon指数,提高了拟杆菌门、变形菌门、厚壁菌门和放线菌门的相对丰度,降低绿弯菌门和酸杆菌门的相对丰度.土壤pH和土壤有机碳是影响细菌群落组成的重要影响因素.3)网络分析结果表明,长期秸秆还田处理指示种归属于不同模块,与土壤养分含量和酶活性呈显著相关关系,其中CM处理中富集的Chryseolinea通过强烈共生关系形成特定功能微生物集群.4)基于FAPROTAX的功能预测,发现长期不同秸秆还田提高了土壤菌群对有机物质的分解潜力和氮组分转化潜力.[结论]长期不同秸秆还田均显著提升土壤肥力和玉米产量,增加土壤酶活性,提高细菌多样性,改变细菌群落结构和组成,提高土壤碳氮循环功能,从而促进褐土形成适合作物和细菌生长的环境.
[Objectives]We compared the beneficial effects of straw return modes on cinnamon soil chemical and biological fertility,to lay a basis for efficient culturing of fertile farmland.[Methods]The research was based on a 30-year long trial from 1992-2022,located in Shouyang,Shanxi Province.The experiment was composed of four maize straw return methods:not returned to field(CK),mulching on the field(SM),crushed and ploughed directly into field(SC),and returned to field after used as forage(CM).Soil nutrient content,enzyme activity,and bacterial community structure were comprehensively analyzed using high-throughput sequencing technology,FAPROTAX functional prediction,and ecological network methods.[Results]1)Long-term straw return(SM,SC and CM)significantly increased soil nutrient contents and extracellular enzyme activities.Compared with CK,the soil organic carbon,total N,total P,total K,alkali-dissolved N,available P,quickly available K contents were elevated in ranges of 17.0%-42.9%,3.0%-50.0%,2.3%-27.9%,4.4%-11.5%,11.2%-71.0%,14.1%-320.8%,17.1%-153.6%,soil glucosidase(β-GC),cellobiose hydrolase(CBH)and dehydrogenase(DHA)contents were elevated in ranges of 35.6%-190.7%,41.9%-58.6%,and 28.8%-773.8%,cumulative maize yields increased by 6.4%-23.0%,respectively.2)SM,SC and CM treatments increased soil bacterial Chao 1 index,Peilou's evenness index and Shannon's index,the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes,Proteobacteria,Firmicutes,and Actinobacteria,and decreased the relative abundance of Chloroflexi and Acidobacteria.Soil pH and organic carbon were important factors influencing bacterial community composition.3)The results of the network analysis showed that the indicator species of the straw return treatments belonged to different modules and were significantly correlated with soil nutrient content and enzyme activities.The Chryseolinea,enriched in the CM treatment,had formed specific functional microbial clusters through strong symbiotic relationships.4)Functional prediction based on FAPROTAX found that long-term straw return increased the potential of organic matter decomposition and nitrogen conversion of soil flora.[Conclusions]Long-term different straw return significantly enhanced soil fertility and maize yield,increased soil enzyme activity,significantly increased bacterial diversity,changed the structure and composition of bacterial communities,and improved the function of soil carbon and nitrogen cycling,thus promoting the formation of a suitable environment for crop and bacterial growth in cinnamon soil.
赵宇航;殷浩凯;解文艳;刘志平;周怀平;杨振兴
山西农业大学资源环境学院,山西太原 030031
秸秆还田方式细菌群落酶活性土壤养分高通量测序网络分析
straw return patternbacterial communityenzyme activitysoil nutrientshigh throughput sequencingnetwork analysis
《植物营养与肥料学报》 2024 (005)
996-1007 / 12
山西省基础研究计划项目(202103021224124);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1901101-4);科技基础资源调查专项(2021FY100501);山西省重点研发计划项目(202102140601010-4);山西省科技重大专项计划项目(202101140601026-4-5).
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