水土保持学报2024，Vol.38Issue(3)：369-381,13.DOI:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2024.03.022
有机肥等氮替代化肥对春玉米生长、产量和水肥利用效率的影响
Effects of Organic Manure and Other Nitrogen Substitutes on Spring Maize Growth,Yield,and Water and Fertilizer Utilization Efficiency
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]This study was aimed to investigate the effects of organic manure replacing chemical fertilizer with equal nitrogen under different nitrogen application rates on the growth,yield and water-fertilizer use efficiency of spring maize in the dry zone of northern Shaanxi.[Methods]Multiple regression analysis and three-dimensional fitting models were used to establishing an optimal nitrogen management model for spring maize cultivation in northern Shaanxi.In this experiment,three nitrogen application levels(240,180,120 kg/hm2 for N1,N2,N3,respectively)and five organic manure replacing chemical fertilizer with equal nitrogen ratios(R0,R12.5,R25,R37.5,R50 for 100％chemical fertilizer nitrogen,12.5％organic fertilizer nitrogen+87.5％chemical fertilizer nitrogen,25％organic fertilizer nitrogen+75％chemical fertilizer nitrogen,37.5％organic fertilizer nitrogen+62.5％chemical fertilizer nitrogen,50％organic fertilizer nitrogen+50％chemical fertilizer nitrogen,respectively),a total of 15 treatments.During the main reproductive period of spring maize,spring maize growth and yield and yield components were measured,and water consumption(ET),water use efficiency(WUE),nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity(NPFP)and economic benefits were calculated.[Results]The Logistic function had a high fit for dry matter accumulation in spring maize,the R12.5 treatment delayed the start,the end and the appearance of the maximum value of the period of rapid dry matter accumulation,and the N2 treatment enhanced the maximum daily growth rate of dry matter accumulation.Nitrogen application and replacement ratio significantly affected dry matter accumulation,yield and components,ET,NPFP and economic efficiency of spring maize(p＜0.05),and the interaction significantly affected ear length,ear coarse,and ET(p＜0.05).The average dry matter accumulation,yield,ET,and net income of N2 treatment were higher than those of the N1 and N3 treatment 5.58％and 15.80％,4.25％and 16.76％,4.96％and 3.41％,8.76％and 29.42％,respectively.R12.5％～R37.5％treatment significantly enhanced dry matter accumulation,yield and components,ET,WUE,NPFP,net income and input/output.WUE continued to increase with increasing N application,while NPFP continued to decrease.Treatment N2R25 had the highest dry matter accumulation and ET,and treatment N2R37.5 had the highest yield,net income,and input/output.Spring maize yield was significantly and positively correlated with dry matter accumulation,ET,WUE,net income and input/output.[Conclusion]The comprehensive analysis obtained showed that dry matter accumulation,yield,WUE,NPFP,and net income of spring maize could be optimized simultaneously at the N application and replacement ratio intervals of 190～210 kg/hm2 and 17％～29％,respectively.关键词
春玉米/产量/有机肥/水分利用效率/多元回归分析Key words
spring maize/yield/organic fertilizer/water use efficiency/multiple regression analysis分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
陈梦茹,邢英英,解云霞,刘栩柠,邵雅婷,李珊珊,赵天盛,卢杰,王秀康..有机肥等氮替代化肥对春玉米生长、产量和水肥利用效率的影响[J].水土保持学报,2024,38(3):369-381,13.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(52169014,42107379) （52169014,42107379）
延安大学研究生教育创新计划项目(YCX2023077) （YCX2023077）
延安大学大学生创新计划项目(S202310719019) （S202310719019）
