中国人口·资源与环境2024，Vol.34Issue(5)：46-57,12.DOI:10.12062/cpre.20231003
中国陆上风电开发土地需求的定量研究
Quantitative study on land demand for onshore wind power development in China
摘要
Abstract
With the increasingly prominent issues of climate change and energy shortages,large-scale development of renewable and clean energy has become a common choice for countries around the world.Among them,onshore wind power plays an important role in the global energy transformation process due to its mature technology,safety,and efficiency advantages.However,because wind energy resources have the characteristics of low energy density,instability,and spatial dispersion,large-scale development of onshore wind power requires a large amount of land resources to support.To ensure the land resource demand for wind power development under the goal of'carbon neutrality,'this paper conducted a quantitative study on the land occupation of onshore wind power in China.Firstly,based on the criterion of exclusivity,this paper reclassified the types of land occupation for wind farms from a spatio-temporal perspec-tive.Secondly,based on the sample parameter method and the alpha shape algorithm,this paper calculated the land area of existing on-shore wind farms in China categorically.Finally,considering the development trend of wind power technology,this paper systematically simulated and predicted the wind power land demand in different development scenarios under the'carbon neutrality'goal.The results indicated that:① Based on the principle of exclusivity,the total land use area of wind farms could be divided into two parts in the spa-tial dimension:the direct impact area and the indirect impact area.The direct impact area could be divided into two parts in the tempo-ral dimension:permanent land use and temporary land use.② In 2022,the land occupied by the wind turbine foundation,permanent land use,temporary land use,and direct impact area of China's onshore wind farms reached 48.28 km2,352.08 km2,1 234.86 km2,and 1 638.81 km2,respectively.③ In 2022,the indirect impact area and total land use area of China's onshore wind farms reached 9.81×104 km2 and 9.99×104 km2,respectively.The total land use area was almost equivalent to the total urban land use area of China.④ Com-pared with the scenario of current technical level,under the scenario of technological progress and wind turbine upgradation,the vari-ous types of land use demand for wind power in China will have significantly decreased by 2060,and land use demand will have reached its peak by around 2050.The large-scale upgradation of wind turbines has great potential for saving land resources.Therefore,perfecting the land use standards of wind power construction,improving the land use efficiency of wind power development,and promot-ing the construction of offshore wind power are important paths for coordinating the sustainable use of wind energy resources and land resources.关键词
风电场/排他性/用地强度/面积核算/土地需求Key words
wind farm/exclusivity/land use intensity/area accounting/land demand分类
环境科学引用本文复制引用
张力小,陈云钊,张鹏鹏,李雨芩,武子凡,杨娜..中国陆上风电开发土地需求的定量研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2024,34(5):46-57,12.基金项目
国家自然科学基金国际(地区)合作与交流项目"发展中国家能源转型的可持续性研究:机制、影响与路径优化"(批准号:72161147003) （地区）
国家自然科学基金青年项目"城市食物-能源-水关联关系的权衡机制研究"(批准号:42001245) （批准号:42001245）
国家杰出青年科学基金"水土能资源可持续利用"(批准号:52225902). （批准号:52225902）
