南方农业学报2024，Vol.55Issue(4)：1089-1098,10.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2024.04.017
云南西双版纳澳洲坚果开花与结实特性
Flowering and fruiting characteristics of Macadamia spp.in Xishuangbanna,Yunnan
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]To study the flowering and nut set patterns of Macadamia spp.in Xishuangbanna of Yunnan,aiming to provide refeence for improving the yield and quality of Macadamia spp.[Method]Employed the label-hanging method to observe the flowering phenology and nut setting characteristics of 12 Macadamia spp.varieties.The rate of nut set,rate of racemes with nut set,mean nut number per infructescence and abscission rate were measured to reveal the nut setting patterns in different varieties.[Result]The flowering phenology was different in the 12 varieties.Varieties D4,O.C,863,820 and 842 had longer flowering periods and in two batches;varieties A16,A4,Special,828,816,508 and 246 had short and more concentrated flowering periods.Obvious variations in nut set,rate of racemes with nut set,mean nut number per infructescence and abscission rate were observed among different Macadamia spp.varieties due to the influen-ce of flowering stages and variety characteristics.And the racemes of the varieties O.C,828,863,D4 at the end flowering stage almost had no nut setting ability.The final RRNS exhibited a positive correlation with the final RNS across all tested varieties,suggesting that RNS could serve as a reliable indicator for evaluating yield.Flowering time had little effect on the average number of fruit set per infructescence of different varieties,and only 1-2 fruits were seated on each infructes-cence.There were serious fruit dropping in all varieties,but there was no significant difference in abscission rate among different varieties in the same flowering period(P>0.05).[Conclusion]The harvest mode of Macadamia spp.was deter-mined by the flowering phenology,such as the varieties D4,O.C,863,820 and 842 with a prolonged flowering period require staggered harvesting.Conversely,the varieties A16,A4,Special,508 and 246 with a shorter flowering period can be harvested intensively.The racemes of the last flowering stage of the second bath had minimal fruiting ability,two batches of inflorescences of varieties O.C,863,828 and D4 can be thinned to save the resources of mother tree.关键词
澳洲坚果/开花物候/坐果率/坐果花序率Key words
Macadamia spp./flowering phenology/rate of nut set/rate of racemes with nut set分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
孔广红,余文才,李玲,陶丽,贺熙勇..云南西双版纳澳洲坚果开花与结实特性[J].南方农业学报,2024,55(4):1089-1098,10.基金项目
云南省农业基础研究联合专项(202301BD070001-084) （202301BD070001-084）
云南省乡村振兴科技专项(202104BI090004) （202104BI090004）
云南省"兴滇英才支持计划"项目(XDYC-CYCX-2022-0068) （XDYC-CYCX-2022-0068）
云南省热带作物科学研究所青年成长基金项目(QNCZ2021-1) Yunnan Joint Agricultural Basic Research Project(202301BD070001-084) （QNCZ2021-1）
Yunnan Rural Revi-talization Science and Technology Project(202104BI090004) （202104BI090004）
"Yunnan Revitalization Support Talents Plan"Project(XDYC-CYCX-2022-0068) （XDYC-CYCX-2022-0068）
Youth Growth Fund of Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops(QNCZ2021-1) （QNCZ2021-1）
