秸秆还田和耕作方式对玉米光合特性及产量的影响OA北大核心CSTPCD
Effects of Straw Returning and Tillage Methods on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Maize
探究秸秆还田和耕作方式对玉米光合特性及产量的影响,为玉米产量提高提供合理的耕作方式.本试验采用裂区设计,在主区秸秆还田和传统种植模式下,设置深松后旋耕(SS-RT)、旋耕(RT)、深松(SS)和免耕(NT)4 个耕作方式副区处理,对其 2022 年春秋两季玉米的光合特性、叶绿素相对含量、叶面积指数、干物质积累和产量进行测定和比较分析.结果表明,较传统种植模式,秸秆还田模式下SS-RT、RT、SS和NT处理的叶面积指数分别提高 11.01%、6.48%、8.24%、8.75%,叶绿素相对含量分别提高 5.96%、5.14%、5.27%、6.49%,净光合速率分别提高 7.57%、9.04%、8.90%、9.39%,穗干物质量分别提高 9.03%、5.40%、6.73%、8.78%,周年产量分别提高 2.92%、4.73%、2.28%、3.52%;且秸秆还田模式下SS-RT处理的春秋季产量均值较RT、SS和NT分别提高 2.38%、12.26%、17.01%.综上可知,秸秆还田模式下深松后旋耕、旋耕、深松和免耕均可提高玉米的光合性能、干物质积累量和周年产量,且以秸秆还田结合深松后旋耕的效果更佳.
This experiment aimed to study the effects of straw returning and tillage methods on photosyn-thetic characteristics and yield of maize by split-plot design,and to provide reasonable tillage method for maize yield improvement.Under the precondition of straw returning and traditional cultivation pattern,four tillage treatments were set as rotary tillage after deep loosening(SS-RT),rotary tillage(RT),deep loosening(SS)and no-tillage(NT),and their effects on photosynthetic parameters,relative chlorophyll content,leaf area in-dex,dry matter accumulation and yield of spring and autumn maize in 2022 were compared.The results showed that compared with traditional cultivation,under straw returning,the leaf area index of SS-RT,RT,SS and NT treatments increased by 11.01%,6.48%,8.24%and 8.75%respectively,the relative chlorophyll content increased by 5.96%,5.14%,5.27%and 6.49%respectively,the net photosynthetic rate increased by 7.57%,9.04%,8.90%and 9.39%respectively,the spike dry mater weight increased by 9.03%,5.40%,6.73%and 8.78%respectively,the annual yield increased by 2.92%,4.73%,2.28%and 3.52%respective-ly.The mean of spring and autumn yields under SS-RT treatment with straw returning increased by 2.38%,12.26%and 17.01%compared with RT,SS and NT treatments,respectively.In summary,rotary tillage after deep loosening,rotary tillage,loosening and no-till under straw returning all improved the photosynthetic ca-pacity,dry matter accumulation and annual yield of maize,and the best treatment was straw returning com-bined with rotary tillage after deep loosening.
高鹏举;李发桥;唐国荣;石达金;谭贤杰;程伟东;周勋波;吕巨智
广西大学农学院,广西 南宁 530004广西壮族自治区农业科学院玉米研究所,广西 南宁 530007
农业科学
玉米秸秆还田耕作方式光合特性产量
MaizeStraw returningTillage methodPhotosynthetic characteristicsYield
《山东农业科学》 2024 (006)
30-39 / 10
国家现代农业产业技术体系南宁玉米综合试验站项目(CARS-02-86);国家现代农业产业技术体系广西创新团队建设专项(nycytxgxcxtd-2021-04-04);广西农业科学院科技发展基金项目(桂农科2021JM44)
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