江西农业大学学报2024，Vol.46Issue(3)：597-608,12.DOI:10.3724/aauj.2024053
全球五大洲稻田生产效率及甲烷排放趋势研究
Research on rice field productivity and methane emission trends across five continents
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]Rice is the staple food for nearly half of the global population.With the continuous growth of the world's population,there is a need to produce more rice.However,even with effective control of carbon dioxide emissions,the greenhouse effect caused by global methane emissions poses a significant challenge to the targets set by the Paris Agreement.[Method]The productivity of rice production across the five continents is closely linked to the achievement of the United Nations'Sustainable Development Goal of eliminating hunger by 2030 and the global methane commitment.To explore this relationship,this study utilizes relevant data from the Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO)and the United Nations Population Division to analyze the global patterns of rice field productivity and methane emission trends.[Result]The research findings indicate that:(1)In 2020,global methane emissions from rice cultivation amounted to 24 503 974 metric tons.To meet the global rice demand by 2030 and achieve the goals of the global methane commitment,methane intensity in rice cultivation needs to be reduced by 19.48%-22.15%during the period from 2020 to 2030.(2)Important measures to reduce methane intensity include the adoption of intermittent flooding irrigation,tillage combined with straw carbonization and return,controlled-release fertilizers,organic fertilizers,iron(III)fertilizers,cultivating high-yielding hybrid rice,and rice-oil or rice-wheat rotation.(3)The African region poses the greatest challenge to achieving the United Nations'goal of eliminating hunger by 2030.Due to higher environmental costs of food production(approximately 50 kg CH4/t rice)and population growth rates(23.83%-27.98%),as well as the upward trend in food prices,Africa's dependence on external food sources is expected to increase further.(4)The greenhouse effect of rice is at least three times higher than that of wheat and maize.However,per unit weight,wheat and maize provide approximately 6.69%-41.54%,7.69%-125.00%,and 64.00%-277.78%more calories,protein,and fat,respectively,compared to rice.[Conclusion]Rice production methane emission reduction pressure,while continuously strengthening field management and cultivation technology innovation development,major rice-consuming countries in Asia should vigorously promote a strategy of diversifying staple foods.Finally,this study provides relevant policy recommendations to support the theoretical framework for meeting the increasing global demand for food while reducing agricultural greenhouse gas emissions.关键词
甲烷排放强度/水稻/粮食安全/"巴黎协定"/"全球甲烷排放承诺"Key words
methane intensity/rice/food security/Paris Agreement/global methane emission commitment分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
汤宏波,余海峰,赵素婷,李富山,吕新华..全球五大洲稻田生产效率及甲烷排放趋势研究[J].江西农业大学学报,2024,46(3):597-608,12.基金项目
中国科学院战略研究与决策支持系统建设专项课题(GHJ-ZLZX-2024-07)和中国科学院国际合作局出国专题研究(科际批字0034号)Project supported by the Special Project on the Construction of the Strategic Research and Decision Support System of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(GHJ-ZLZX-2024-07)and the Overseas Special Research Project of the In-ternational Cooperation Bureau of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Interdepartmental Approval Number 0034) （GHJ-ZLZX-2024-07）
