江西农业大学学报2024，Vol.46Issue(3)：609-624,16.DOI:10.3724/aauj.2024054
灌溉和种植方式对稻田水氮利用及损失的影响
Effect of irrigation and planting methods on water and nitrogen utilization and loss in paddy fields
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]To explore the effect characteristics of irrigation and planting methods on nitrogen loss and water utilisation in rice fields.[Method]We selected four planting methods:hand-transplanting(HT),seedling throwing(ST),machine-transplanting(MT)and direct seeding(DS),and two irrigation modes:flooding irrigation(FI)and intermittent irrigation(II),and carried out a plot experiment on late rice to analyse and evaluate the characteristics of paddy rice field water balance,water-use efficiency,and nitrogen runoff and leaching loss under different irrigation and planting modes.[Result]The results showed that:the water use efficiency of different irrigation modes was higher in intermittent irrigation,and the water use efficiency of different planting modes was HT(ST)>MT>DS.The water quantity,water consumption,leakage,and evapotranspiration were reduced by 9.87%-22.11%,9.65%-21.49%,1.46%-3.64%,and 11.18%-27.15%,respectively,for the treatments of each cropping method under the intermittent irrigation pattern as compared to the flooded irrigation pattern.Planting method and irrigation pattern had a greater impact on nitrogen runoff and leaching loss,which accounted for 0.02%-0.17%and 2.33%-3.53%of the applied fertiliser,respectively.Under the same irrigation pattern,the nitrogen surface runoff loss and leaching loss of different planting treatments were DS>MT>ST>HT.The leaching amount and nitrogen leaching loss of different treatments varied in each fertility period under the influence of irrigation pattern and planting method,among which the loss was higher in seedling and pre-tiller stage,which accounted for the proportion of the whole fertility period,respectively,43.35%-53.79%and 6.67%.53.79%,and 6.67%-22.38%,respectively.With the combined irrigation pattern and planting method,the yield and water use efficiency of different treatments were the highest in HT-II and the lowest in DS-FI,while the nitrogen leaching loss was the lowest in HT-II and the highest in DS-FI.[Conclusion]Intermittent irrigation is beneficial to improve rice yield and water use efficiency,water consumption and nitrogen loss of direct seeding rice are higher than that of transplanted rice,and hand-planting with intermittent irrigation is beneficial to improve water use efficiency of rice and reduce nitrogen loss from paddy fields.In the production practice of double-season late rice,the environmental effect of paddy field can be improved by strengthening the water management at seedling and pre-tiller stages to reduce paddy leaching and nitrogen leaching loss.关键词
水稻/全生育期/种植方式/灌溉模式/水分利用效率/氮素损失Key words
rice/full growth period/planting method/irrigation mode/water use efficiency/nitrogen loss分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
王廷金,时红,才硕,郭巧玲,刘现波,程婕,万绍媛..灌溉和种植方式对稻田水氮利用及损失的影响[J].江西农业大学学报,2024,46(3):609-624,16.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(31960377)和江西水利科技项目(202124ZDKT29、202325ZDKT01、KT201630)Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31960377)and Jiangxi Water Conservan-cy Science and Technology Project(202124ZDKT29,202325ZDKT01,KT201630)长江科学院开放研究基金(CKWV2016400/KY)同时对本研究给予了资助,谨致谢意! （31960377）
