江西农业大学学报2024，Vol.46Issue(3)：625-637,13.DOI:10.3724/aauj.2024055
高温下基质湿度对马铃薯种薯组织结构和苗期生长生理的影响
Effect of substrate moisture at high temperature on tissue structure and seedling growth physiology of potato seed potato
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]To investigate the effects of different cultivation humidity and seed potato status on seed potato vigour,germination and seedling establishment in potato at high temperatures.[Method]The potato variety"Xingjia 2"was selected as the test material,and was designed to simulate drought,normal and high humidity conditions under high temperature(30℃)stress with three different cultivated substrate humidity levels,namely 30%,60%and 80%,and"healthy whole potatoes","healthy whole potatoes","partially damaged whole potatoes"and"cut potatoes".Dynamic changes in cell viability and tissue structure of different treated seed potatoes were analysed at the budding stage,and their growth and physiological status were comprehensively evaluated at the seedling stage of different treated plants.[Result]Compared with the dormant period,the seed potato in the sprouting period has vigorous life activities,the respiratory decomposition of sugars for the energy supply of the body,the soluble sugar and soluble protein content,SOD activity and respiratory strength have increased to different degrees,while malondialdehyde content and seed potato hardness have decreased;The greater the degree of seed potato damage,the faster the formation of tuber cell cavities and disintegration of vascular bundles under high temperature,in which the cut potato starts to change from the pith department,the degree of damage is the greatest,and the speed of change is also the fastest,and the damaged potato starts to change from the vascular bundles at the very beginning,and then spreads upwards to the terminal buds and downwards to the pith department at the same time,and spreads downwards faster,and the damage is serious,and the whole potato starts to be the buds blackened,and the conductive tissues are gradually broken,and the degree of damage is relatively the integrity of seed potato is better;The effect of high temperature on seed potato germination is drastic,the greater the cultivation humidity,the faster the seed potato emergence rate,80%cultivation humidity seed potato emergence rate is significantly lower than 30%cultivation humidity,but the fastest rate of emergence,the same humidity of different seed potato state,the whole seed potato emergence rate is slow but neat,and damage to the potato and the cut potato emergence rate is relatively fast but low rate of emergence.[Conclusion]High temperature and high humidity composite stress on potato seed potato is greater than a single high temperature stress,in high temperature adversity seed potato block cracks,after the cell wall rupture,cell membrane contraction,the formation of cavities,affecting the rate of seedling emergence and seedling rate,so in the potato autumn should be sown before 2-3 days of irrigation,avoid high temperature weather sowing after heavy irrigation,avoid high temperature weather before heavy rain sowing,choose the sprouting period of the small whole potatoes sowing,you can rapidly Seedling and get high seedling rate,to ensure the autumn potato stable yield.This study analyzed the histocytological and physiological changes in autumn-sown seed potatoes,and provided theoretical references for the reduction of rotting seed potatoes in autumn cropping through the application of effective agronomic measures and the promotion of farmers'income.关键词
马铃薯/高温/基质湿度/种薯组织结构/生长生理Key words
potato/high temperature/substrate moisture/seed potato tissue structure/growth physiology分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
雷紫芊,田宇豪,张幸媛,尹燕,熊兴耀,秦玉芝..高温下基质湿度对马铃薯种薯组织结构和苗期生长生理的影响[J].江西农业大学学报,2024,46(3):625-637,13.基金项目
国家马铃薯产业技术体系项目(CARS-09-ES16)和湖南省旱粮产业技术体系育种与良种繁殖岗位科学家项目(湘农发[2019]105号)Project supported by the National Potato Industry Technology System Project(CARS-09-ES16)and Hunan Dry Grain Industry Technology System Breeding and Seed Reproduction Position Scientist Project(Xiangnongfa[2019]No.105)绿色高质高效性行动(湘财农指[2021]37号)同时对本研究给予了资助,谨致谢意! （CARS-09-ES16）
