工程科学学报2024，Vol.46Issue(9)：1685-1701,17.DOI:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2024.03.13.003
生物质基硬碳储钠负极材料研究进展
Research progress on biomass-based hard-carbon anode materials for sodium storage
摘要
Abstract
Sodium-ion batteries are expected to gradually replace lithium-ion batteries in large-scale energy storage and two-wheeled electric vehicles because of their excellent low-temperature performance, cost advantages, and high safety. The development of sodium-ion battery anode materials with low cost, high reversible capacity, and excellent cycling stability is challenging for the industry. Because sodium ions are larger than lithium ions, graphite materials with long-range ordered structures suitable for lithium-ion battery anodes cannot be applied to sodium-ion batteries. Instead, the graphite domains of hard carbon materials are short and chaotically aligned, exhibiting a short-range ordered structure with local graphite zones inside the carbon layer. Moreover, the layer spacing of hard carbon is larger than that of graphite, which is conducive to the storage of sodium ions. Hard carbon is easily accessible and environmentally friendly, with a high carbon yield. Biomass-based hard carbon has attracted considerable attention because of its abundant raw material sources, low cost, easy accessibility, high carbon yield, environmental friendliness, and the presence of various elements. Its unique microstructure exhibits notable advantages and great commercial potential among several anode materials for sodium-ion batteries. The storage mechanism of sodium ions in hard carbon is controversial. Herein, we first analyze the adsorption behavior of sodium ions at the active sites on the hard carbon surface and the sequential process of their entry into the graphite scale layer. Moreover, we review four controversial sodium-ion storage mechanisms. Furthermore, we explore the storage mechanism of sodium ions in hard carbon and the differences between various biomass-based precursors. The content of each component and microstructure of different precursors vary, and several differences exist between nutshells, woody plants, and herbs. Their internal structural characteristics and different component contents play a key role in the performance of hard carbon. We enumerate the structural and component differences among various biomass-based precursors and summarize the distinctions in sodium-ion storage properties among different precursor hard carbons. To enhance the sodium storage performance of biomass-based hard carbon, an optimization strategy is proposed for sodium-ion battery anodes. This strategy involves manipulating the microstructure of the hard carbon anode, including adjusting the carbon layer spacing, pore structure, and specific surface area. In addition, the doping of elements, introduction of functional groups, and optimization of the electrolyte can improve the sodium storage performance of hard carbon. These insights can provide significant guidance for developing sodium-ion batteries.关键词
生物质基/钠离子电池/前驱体/硬碳/改进策略Key words
biomass-based/sodium-ion battery/precursor/hard carbon/improvement strategy分类
信息技术与安全科学引用本文复制引用
周世晋,韩文佳,陈安祥,张文浩,焦丹丹,李霞..生物质基硬碳储钠负极材料研究进展[J].工程科学学报,2024,46(9):1685-1701,17.基金项目
国家重点研发计划资助项目(2020YFC1910301) （2020YFC1910301）
国家自然科学基金资助项目(22308179) （22308179）
山东省重点研发计划(重大科技创新工程)资助项目(2021CXGC011002) （重大科技创新工程）
山东省自然科学基金资助项目(ZR2021QC158,ZR2023QB038) （ZR2021QC158,ZR2023QB038）
济南市"新高校20条"资助项目(20228103) （20228103）
山东省科技型中小企业创新能力提升工程项目(2023TSGC0319) （2023TSGC0319）
齐鲁工业大学(山东省科学院)揭榜制项目(2022JBZ01-05) （山东省科学院）
齐鲁工业大学人才科研项目(2023RCKY175,2023RCKY188) （2023RCKY175,2023RCKY188）
