量子功率标准综述:原理、现状及展望OA北大核心CSTPCD

With the steady advancement of the quantum change of the International System of Units(SI)and its wide-area implementation,replacing the physical metrology standard with a more accurate and stable quantum metrology standard has become one of the key research tasks in the field of metrology.The quantum power standard will play a key role in the accurate measurement of electrical energy,which can strongly guarantee the fairness and justice of electrical energy trade settlement and electrical carbon trading.Firstly,this paper reviews the current research status of power standards at home and abroad from the aspects of AC power standards and DC power standards.For AC power standard,the basic structure and measurement principle of power frequency AC power standard and broadband frequency AC power standard are elaborated respectively,and it is pointed out that the AC power standard based on thermoelectric converter can realize the traceability of power frequency and broadband frequency(hundreds of kHz)AC power with high accuracy,and the working frequency band of the existing AC quantum power standard at home and abroad is generally not more than 400 Hz,so it is necessary to carry out the research on broadband frequency AC quantum power standard;For the DC power standard,it is still in the preliminary research stage at home and abroad,due to the current lack of standardized definitions of DC voltage and current signals,resulting in what form of DC power signals should be used as the standard object to be measured is still unclear,and it is not possible to provide directional guidance for the construction of the DC quantum power standard.Subsequently,different power standards are compared and analyzed,thoughts on the current problems of constructing power standards are given,and an attempt is made to make an outlook on the future development of AC and DC power standards:with the development and advancement of the wide-band quantum voltage standard technology,it is expected to realize the broadband quantum power standard;at the same time,carrying out the research on the broadband and wide range voltage,current amplifiers and proportionality technology is an important prerequisite for the realization of the high-accuracy AC and DC quantum power standard.