灌水定额分配对耐盐碱水稻生育特征的影响OACSTPCD
Effect of irrigation schedule on growth of saline-alkali tolerant rice
[目的]探明宁夏银北地区不同耐盐碱水稻品种对灌水定额响应特征.[方法]以宁夏银北地区大面积推广的 2 个耐盐碱水稻品种:宁粳 56 号(NJ56)和吉粳 105 号(JJ105)为研究对象,设置 4 个灌水定额分配方式:W1(出苗前期 3 000 m3/hm2、苗期 1050 m3/hm2、分蘖期1 800 m3/hm2、拔节期2 100 m3/hm2、抽穗期 1 350 m3/hm2、灌浆期 900 m3/hm2)、W2(出苗前期 2 700 m3/hm2、苗期 1 650 m3/hm2、分蘖期 1 200 m3/hm2、拔节期 1 500 m3/hm2、抽穗期 1 800 m3/hm2、灌浆期 1 350 m3/m2)、W3(出苗前期 2 400 m3/hm2、苗期 1 800 m3/hm2、分蘖期1 050 m3/hm2、拔节期 1 800 m3/hm2、抽穗期 1 050 m3/hm2、灌浆期 2 100 m3/hm2)、W4(出苗前期 2 100 m3/hm2、苗期 1 500 m3/hm2、分蘖期2 100 m3/hm2、拔节期1 350 m3/hm2、抽穗期 500 m3/hm2、灌浆期 1 650 m3/hm2),研究灌水定额分配方式对宁夏银北地区耐盐碱水稻生长、产量及品质的影响,并进行综合评价得出最佳灌水定额和耐盐高产水稻品种.[结果]①吉粳 150 号水稻 W1 处理下的垩白粒率和垩白度最高,分别达到 68.67%和 19.30%,W2处理下水稻出苗率较高,达到 84.47%,W3 处理下精米率、蛋白质量、胶稠度最高,分别达到 81.76%、9.40%、9.13.②宁粳 56号水稻W1处理下水稻分蘖成穗率、实际产量、灌水利用效率、含水率、直链淀粉量均最高,分别达到 75.67%、10 388.78 kg/hm2、101.85%、10.50%、20.07%,W3处理下千粒质量最高,达到 24.83 g,W4处理水稻穗长和单穗粒质量最高,分别达到 21.35 cm和 2.81 g,宁粳 56号水稻和吉粳 105号水稻的W4处理碱消值同时达到7.[结论]最佳灌水量为W4(出苗前期2 100 m3/hm2、苗期1 500 m3/hm2、分蘖期2 100 m3/hm2、拔节期1 350 m3/hm2、抽穗期 1 500 m3/hm2、灌浆期 1 650 m3/hm2),最佳宁粳 56号水稻,是宁夏盐碱地治理节水抑盐调控效果较好的灌溉技术.
[Objective]Soil salinity and alkalinity is the main soil stress facing crop production in Northwestern China.Developing crop varieties resistant to salinity and alkalinity is a way to developing sustainable agriculture in this region.This paper presents an experimental study on the impact of irrigation amount and schedule on growth of saline-alkali tolerant rice in Northern Yinchuan in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.[Method]The experiments used Ningjing 56(NJ56)and Jijing 105(JJ105)-two saline-alkali tolerant rice varieties commonly grown in this region-as model plants.There were four irrigation treatments(W1-W4).The irrigation amount for W1-W4 was:3 000,2 700,2 400 m3/hm2 and 2 100 m3/hm2 before seedling emergence;1 050,1 650,1 800 m3/hm2 and 1 500 m3/hm2 at the seedling stage;1 800,1 200,1 050 m3/hm2 and 2 100 m3/hm2 at the tillering stage,2 100,1 500,1 800 m3/hm2 and 1 350 m3/hm2 at the jointing stage;1 350,1 800,1 050 m3/hm2 and 500 m3/hm2 at the heading stage;900,1350,2 100 m3/hm2 and 1 650 m3/hm2 at grain filling stage,respectively.The effect of each irrigation treatment on growth,yield and quality of the rice were measured in the experiment,from which we calculated the optimal irrigation for each rice variety.[Result]① For JJ105,the percentage of chalky grain and the degree of chalkiness were the highest in W1,reaching 68.67%and 19.30%,respectively;the seedling emergence was the highest in W2,reaching 84.47%.W3 gave the highest milling rate,protein content and gel consistency,reaching 81.76%,9.40%,9.13,respectively.② For NJ56,W1 gave the highest tillering and panicle formation rate,grain yield,irrigation water use efficiency,and water and amylose content in the grains,reaching 75.67%,10 388.78 kg/hm2,101.85%,10.50%and 20.07%,respectively;the 1000-grain weight was the highest in W3,reaching 24.83 g;W4 gave the highest spike length,and grain weight per spike,reaching 21.35 cm and 2.81 g,respectively;the alkali elimination value in W4 was 7 for the two varieties.[Conclusion]There were significant differences between the two varieties in their response to irrigation treatments.Overall,NJ56 grew better and the associated optimal irrigation for it is W4.
刘云鹏;张震中;王彬;杨正虎;马东海;张智;张邦彦;白小龙;张恩;张朝辉;武晋民
宁夏大学农学院,银川 750021清华大学-宁夏银川水联网数字治水联合研究院,银川 750021
农业科学
灌水定额耐盐碱水稻旱直播生育特征综合评价
irrigation quotasaline-alkali tolerant ricedirect seeding ricefertility characteristicscomprehensive evaluation
《灌溉排水学报》 2024 (007)
66-76 / 11
"十四五"国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1900603-03);清华大学-宁夏银川水联网数字治水联合研究院项目(sklhse-2022-Iow03)
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