河南农业大学学报2024，Vol.58Issue(4)：562-572,11.DOI:10.16445/j.cnki.1000-2340.20240321.001
不同施氮量对小麦-玉米轮作体系氮素利用的影响
Effects of different nitrogen application rates on nitrogen use in wheat-maize rotation system
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]To provide theoretical basis for the reasonable fertilization of wheat-maize anniversary rotation system,the effects of different nitrogen application rates in the wheat season on the nitrogen use in the system was explored.[Method]The nitrogen inefficient wheat cultivar AK58 nitrogen efficient wheat cultivar ZM27 and maize cultivar Dafeng 30 were used to study the effects of different nitrogen application rates(0,120,225,330,435 kg·hm-2)in wheat season and 225 kg·hm-2 nitrogen in maize season on annual grain yield,nitrogen utilization efficiency,nitrogen balance,soil nitrate nitrogen migration,and soil nitrogen transformation.[Result]The results showed that:(1)The yield of AK58 and ZM27 reached the highest at 330 kg·hm-2 nitrogen treatment,without significant difference from 225 kg·hm-2 and 435 kg·hm-2 nitrogen treatment.(2)The nitrogen utilization efficiency and nitrogen partial factor productivity of AK58 and ZM27 were the highest at 120 kg·hm-2,being 35.05％and 38.97％,67.10 kg·kg-1 and 67.52 kg·kg-1 respectively,and reduced with the increase of nitrogen application rate.(3)The yield of maize and nitrogen partial factor productivity increased with the nitrogen application rate increase in wheat season.(4)The more nitrogen was applied in wheat season,the more the residual nitrogen and the nitrogen apparent loss rate of wheat.In the 435 kg·hm-2 nitrogen treatment,the residual nitrogen of AK58 and ZM27 was 263.81 kg·hm-2 and 270.30 kg·hm-2,and the loss rates were 56.35％and 52.83％,respectively.(5)Nitrogen application rates mainly affected the total nitrogen content of 0 to 20 cm soil layer,but the total nitrogen content of 20 to 100 cm soil layer was basically stable at 0.5 g·kg-1.Nitrogen application in the wheat season could increase the nitrate content in the 0 to 100 cm soil layer of the stubble maize season,which was most significant at the big trumpet stage.With the maize development,the differences of the nitrate content among different treatments reduced gradually.At the silking stage and maturity stage,the nitrate accumulated in the 40 to 60 cm soil layer.[Conclusion]Taking the effects of nitrogen application rate on the yield,nitrogen use efficiency,and nitrate migration in the wheat-maize rotation system into account under the experimental conditions,the 225 kg·hm-2 nitrogen application in both wheat and maize season facilitates saving nitrogen,increasing efficiency,and realizing the goal of green agricultural production with friendly environment.关键词
小麦-玉米/施氮量/氮素残留/氮素利用率/土壤硝态氮/土壤全氮含量Key words
wheat-maize rotation/nitrogen application rate/nitrogen residue/nitrogen utilization rate/soil nitrate content/soil total nitrogen content分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
张皖玉,张志勇,张潇斌,韦一昊,熊淑萍,王小纯,马新明..不同施氮量对小麦-玉米轮作体系氮素利用的影响[J].河南农业大学学报,2024,58(4):562-572,11.基金项目
国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1700900) （2021YFD1700900）
