深化集体林权制度改革的再思考OA北大核心CHSSCDCSTPCD

⑴Background——China’s collective forest property rights system has undergone three reforms,the first reform was in the 1980s,the second reform was in the early 21st century,and China is currently in the process of the third reform of the collective forest property rights system.The new round of collective forest property rights system reform emphasizes that it is necessary to further deepen reform on the basis of the second collective forest property rights system reform.Because the background of the new round of collective forest property rights system reform is obviously different from the previous two,the forestry development environment has undergone signifi-cant changes.Therefore,it is necessary to rethink how to effectively promote the deepening of the new round of collective forest property rights system reform. ⑵Methods——Based on the long-term research experience,statistical data and related research reports,this paper makes a brief evaluation of the collective forest property rights system reform,analyzes the changes of China’s forestry development environment,and focuses on the main tasks and strategies for deepening the forest-ry reform. ⑶ Results——In the first reform of the collective forest property rights system,the stability of forest prop-erty rights,the demarcation of private mountains,the determination of forestry production responsibility system and the opening of the timber market were complementary reform measures.This zero-sum reform at the expense of the state-owned timber companies did not succeed.But because afforestation subsidies could still motive farm-ers to plant trees,forest area increased rapidly.The second reform of the collective forest property rights system achieved obvious results,and the forest stock maintained a rapid growth while the timber output increased,but the effect of the reform was also affected by some other factors.At present,the main role of forests,the utilization of forest property rights and the source of raw materials of forest products have changed,the leading group and goal of the new round of collective forest property rights reform have changed,and the evaluation content of the reform effect has also changed.The new round of forest reform has been extended from mobilizing the enthusiasm of farmers to manage forests to mobilizing the whole society to participate in forest construction,from allowing the whole society to support forest development to allowing forestry to better meet the needs of society. ⑷ Conclusions and Discussions——The goal of deepening the collective forestry reform is to realize the growth,convergence,diversity and sustainability of forestry development.The task of deepening the collective forestry reform can be measured from several levels:from the micro level,it can be measured by the maximiza-tion of the benefits of forest products obtained by operators and ecosystem services;from the national level,it can be measured by maximizing the benefits of forest public goods,and from the global level,it can be measured by maximizing the carbon storage function of forests.Therefore,in the new round of forestry reform,we must con-stantly innovate the system of coordinated development of forestry,reform the management system of forest log-ging,build a platform for supervision and service of forest property rights transfer,innovate the realization mech-anism of ecological service value,and improve the forestry policy system that takes both ecology and economy in-to consideration.