基于优化施肥下养分投入与梨产量品质的整合分析及施肥建议OA北大核心CSTPCD

[Objectives]In order to provide a scientific basis for improving yield and quality of pear through nutrient optimization management in China,the current situation of farmers'conventional fertilization management and yield in pear producing area was clarified,and the effects of different nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P2 O5)and potassium(K2 O)fertilization measures on the yield and quality were studied.[Methods]The data of 112 journal articles published from 1992 to 2022 on the effect of optimal fertilization on pear yield and quality were integrated and analyzed to study the relationship between pear yield and N,P2 O5 and K2 O application rates under conventional and optimal fertilization,and targeted fertilization suggestions were put forward for the main pear producing areas based on the yield effects.[Results]From a national perspective,the average yield of pear was 31 t·hm-2 and the average amounts of N,P2 O5 and K2 O application rates were 453,235 and 320 kg·hm-2 under conventional fertilization,while the nutrient inputs were relatively high and there were large differences between the main production areas.Compared with conventional fertilization,optimizing N,P2 O5 and K2 O fertilization increased fruit soluble sugar content by 5.5%-7.3%,fruit shape index by 1.5%-1.6%,and vitamin C content by 3.0%-3.4%,and decreased total acid by 3.6%-7.3%and peel firmness by 1.4%-2.2%.Meanwhile,reducing N,P2 O5 and K2 O to a certain extent was helpful to increase the yield and quality of pears.Based on this,the appropriate application intervals of N,P2 O5 and K2 O could be proposed for each main production area:the optimal input in the western producing area were 292.9-390.5 kg·hm-2,113.1-169.6 kg·hm-2 and 71.0-106.4 kg·hm-2,respectively;the optimal inputs in the Yangtze River Basin producing area were 289.0-385.3 kg·hm-2,221.7-277.1 kg·hm-2 and 158.7-238.0 kg·hm-2,respectively;the best inputs in the Circum-Bohai Sea producing area were 228.1-342.2 kg·hm-2,113.9-170.8 kg·hm-2 and 261.6-348.8 kg·hm-2,respectively;the best inputs of the old Yellow River producing area were 258.7-388.1 kg·hm-2,164.1-218.8 kg·hm-2,and 330.1-440.1 kg·hm-2,respectively.[Conclusions]Optimized fertilization could synergistically improve the yield and fruit quality of pear,and the targeted fertilization recommendations based on this will also help to achieve efficient,green and sustainable development of the main pear producing areas in China.