西安交通大学学报（社会科学版）2024，Vol.44Issue(4)：166-176,11.DOI:10.15896/j.xjtuskxb.202404016
政府开放高价值数据集的域外经验及其镜鉴
The Experience of Foreign Governments Opening up High Value Datasets and Its Enlightenment for China
摘要
Abstract
In response to the difficulties faced by the open data movement,the Chinese government has prioritized promoting the opening of high-value data sets to the public.However,the policy is promoted slowly in practice,and the basic problems are not studied enough in theory.Most of the existing literature focuses on open data subjects and open data platforms,and there is a lack of existing literature on data sets and their value recognition. This paper uses comparative research,literature analysis and other methods to carry out research.Firstly,the paper analyzes the difficulties faced by the open data movement of governments around the world,points out that the cause is the technical,institutional and organizational constraints,and puts forward the necessity and feasibility of opening high value data sets.Secondly,based on the process sorting and mechanism comparison of opening high-value data sets around the world,it is pointed out that the United States and the European Union have reached a consensus on basic positioning,promotion system and governance means,but there are also differences in goal orientation and regulation degree.Thirdly,the paper systematically combs the relevant practical exploration of European and American countries,extracts the existing experience,and analyzes the current challenges.Finally,in view of China's promotion of the priority opening of high-value data sets,it is suggested that based on the practical basis of data opening,the concept of data opening should be optimized,an open mechanism should be systematically established,and open norms should be clarified in a timely manner,so as to form a comprehensive,systematic and clear institutional system. Compared with previous literatures,this paper expands on the two aspects of experience extraction and countermeasures.First,the experience of European and American countries in exploring open high-value data set standards is summarized into the establishment of typed content standards,three-star formal standards and multi-agent participation procedure standards.Second,it puts forward the overall strategy of prioritizing the opening of high-value data sets in China,including optimizing the opening concept and strengthening the market-oriented concept consciousness,the establishment of subjective and objective standard identification mechanism,policy and law reference system adjustment mechanism,data suppliers and data demand communication feedback mechanism.It also includes open specifications that clarify the concept of high-value data sets,content boundaries,and open order. This study systematically summarized the practical experience of opening high-value data sets outside the region,extracted the basic operation mechanism,analyzed the challenges faced by the current work of opening high-value data sets,expanded the existing theoretical research on data opening,and provided a foundation for comprehensive and in-depth research on open high-value data sets in the future.On this basis,the policy suggestions are helpful for the further development of China's practice of opening high-value data sets.关键词
数据集/数据价值/公共数据/开放数据/数据流动/数据利用Key words
dataset/data value/public data/open data/data flow/data utilization分类
社会科学引用本文复制引用
闫志开..政府开放高价值数据集的域外经验及其镜鉴[J].西安交通大学学报（社会科学版）,2024,44(4):166-176,11.基金项目
江苏省高校哲学社会科学研究一般项目(2023SJYB1071). （2023SJYB1071）
