非结核分枝杆菌病诊治六十年OA北大核心CSTPCD

Nontuberculous mycobacteria(NTM)diseases have been recognized for over six decades,with progressively advancing levels of diagnosis and treatment.During the 1990s,a pivotal randomized controlled multicenter study demonstrated the efficacy of macrolide-based regimens against Mycobacterium avium complex infections.Concurrently,the advent of molecular biology techniques for bacterial identification supplanted traditional biochemical methods,greatly enhancing the capacity of medical institutions to diagnose and treat NTM infections.Recent years have witnessed critical developments,including the rapid identification of Mycobacterium species in clinical specimens,the recognition of reinfection as a primary cause of treatment failures in NTM disease,and the proven effectiveness of amikacin liposomes in treating Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease.Drawing on experiences from tuberculosis management,future strategies for NTM should focus on developing rapid diagnostic tests for core drug sensitivities to facilitate the formulation of concise and effective treatment regimens.