中国空间科学技术2024，Vol.44Issue(4)：50-58,9.DOI:10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2024.0057
弱引力小天体的自主捕获与相对导航方法
Autonomous capturing and relative navigation methods for small celestial bodies
摘要
Abstract
Long-range autonomous capture and close-range high-precision autonomous relative navigation are key issues in small celestial body exploration tasks,and the smaller the target size,the more prominent the problem is.Firstly,to deal with the difficulty in identifying dim targets in the starry sky background within a long distance range from tens of thousands to thousands of kilometers,a fully autonomous capture and recognition method that comprehensively utilizes kinematics and brightness is proposed,which can achieve fast and accurate capture of large range changes,and has the ability to capture Mv10 dim targets in the starry sky at a distance of 30 000 kilometers.Secondly,to cope with the problem of insufficient observability in line-of-sight measurement in the range of thousands to tens of kilometers during rendezvous,a relative navigation method based on integrated design of line-of-sight and trajectory maneuvering is proposed,which effectively improves trajectory observability while considering fuel consumption,and achieves relative position navigation with an accuracy superior to 5％in the rendezvous segment.Finally,to address the relative navigation problem near irregular small celestial bodies in close range,an optical navigation method based on the combination of image landmarks and point cloud features is proposed,which can simultaneously adapt to the detection needs of sunny and shaded areas.Combined with the weak gravitational force field measuring method based on multi-source data fusion,the accuracy of close-range relative navigation is further improved.The relative position accuracy at close-range is better than 1 m,while the relative velocity is better than 1 cm/s.The proposed method was validated through mathematical and physical simulations.The method proposed in this article effectively solves the high-precision navigation problem in small celestial body exploration,and can be applied to small celestial body landing detection tasks with diameters of tens of meters and rapid alternation of light and shadow areas.关键词
小天体探测/接近与附着/自主捕获/相对导航/图像导航Key words
small celestial bodies'exploration/approaching and attaching/autonomous capturing of asteroids/relative navigation/image navigation分类
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刘一武,胡锦昌,梁潇,田启航,张辉,尹芳..弱引力小天体的自主捕获与相对导航方法[J].中国空间科学技术,2024,44(4):50-58,9.基金项目
国家自然基金重点项目(U2341214) （U2341214）
