基于基因芯片的嘉禾系列长粒优质食味粳稻综合评价与比较OA北大核心CSTPCD

[Objective]The Jiahe series long-grain japonica rice is renowned for its slender grain shape,exceptional appearance quality,superior eating quality,high yield,and high disease resistance.This study aimed to elucidate the distinctive characteristics and challenges of these rice varieties,analyze the genetic foundation for the development of high-quality traits in these varieties,and lay a foundation for the innovation and utilization of long-grain japonica rice varieties.[Method]We utilized the GSR40K high-density rice chip to ascertain the indica-japonica identity and variety similarity of five long-grain japonica rice varieties(lines)of Jiahe series,and identified breeding-related functional genes.Furthermore,the genetic basis of the Jiahe series long-grain japonica rice was compared with that of the long-grain japonica rice Daohuaxiang 2 from Northeast China.[Result]The japonica segments in the genome of the Jiahe series long-grain japonica rice accounted for 84.20％to 88.38％,indicating the classification of these varieties into typical japonica rice types.The genetic similarity of Jiahe series japonica rice varieties(lines)exceeded 92％,with genomic identity ranging from 77.59％to 91.73％,while the similarity with Daohuaxiang 2 was lower,averaging 84.55％genetic similarity and 49.52％to 53.68％genome identity.Jiahe series japonica rice contains functional alleles for long grain genes gs3 and GW7,as well as the large grain type gene qSW5/GW5 and the multi-spikelet number gene LAX1 in Jiahexiang 1.The development of fine quality traits is mainly attributed to the combination of ALKc/Wxb/OsAAP6 and other major functional alleles.The fragrance in Jiahexiang 1 resulted from the exon 2 mutation type of the Badh2 gene.Jiahe series long-grain japonica rice varieties(lines)harbor numerous blast resistance genes,such as the combinations Pizt+Pii/HIT7/pi5-1,Pizt+Pii/HIT7/pi5-1,Pizt+Pi-ta,and Pizt+Pii/HIT7/pi5-1+Pi-d2/Pid2+Pid3+Pi-ta.In contrast,Jiahe series japonica rice only possesses Xa26/Xa3 genes for white leaf blight resistance.[Conclusion]The exceptional advantages of Jiahe series long-grain japonica rice stem from the comprehensive impact of multiple favorable allelic gene variations on yield,quality,resistance,and agronomic traits.Nonetheless,there are drawbacks of high variety similarity and a solitary gene for white leaf blight resistance.The findings of this study also furnish a scientific basis for the genetic enhancement of Jiahe series long-grain japonica rice varieties.