适宜湘南地区三熟制种植的水稻和油菜品种筛选OACSTPCD
Screening of Rice and Rapeseed Varieties Suitable for Triple Cropping System in Southern Hunan
为筛选出适合湘南地区"油—稻—稻"三熟制的水稻和油菜品种,以 2 个早熟早稻品种(中早 39、株两优819)、8 个优质晚稻品种(盛泰优 9712、瑞两优 1053、泰优 398、桃优 919、桃优香占、泰优 390、隆晶优 1 号、五优蒂占)、6 个早熟油菜品种(湘油 420、阳光 131、沣油 112、湘油 228、常早熟 1 号、常早熟 2 号)为材料,于 2022 年在湖南衡阳开展品种筛选试验.结果表明:早稻季,中早 39 的生育期为 113 d,产量为 7.98 t/hm2;株两优 819 生育期为 112 d,产量为 8.42 t/hm2,较中早 39 高 5.51%,且差异显著.晚稻季,桃优 919、桃优香占、泰优 390、隆晶优 1号、五优蒂占的生育期均长于 112 d,不适合用于"油—稻—稻"三熟制种植;盛泰优9712、瑞两优1053、泰优398 的全生育期分别为 108、106、105 d,产量均超过 7.04 t/hm2.油菜品种沣油 112 生育期最长,5 月 1 日成熟,产量较低;湘油420 熟期最早,4 月22 日成熟,产量最低,显著低于其他品种;阳光131 产量最高,显著高于其他品种,但生育期较长,4 月 29 日成熟,作为三熟制搭配品种具有一定风险;湘油 228、常早熟 1 号、常早熟 2 号可在 4 月 26 日之前成熟,产量高于 1.80 t/hm2,均显著高于湘油 420 和沣油 112.综上,湘南地区适宜于"油—稻—稻"三熟制种植的早稻品种为株两优819,晚稻品种为盛泰优9712、瑞两优1053 和泰优398,油菜品种为湘油228、常早熟1 号和常早熟 2 号,在早、晚稻育秧移栽和油菜撒直播条件下,水稻和油菜生育期搭配适宜,且产量较高,适宜推广.
In order to select rice and rape varieties suitable for"oil-rice-rice"triple cropping system in Southern Hu-nan.Using 2 early-maturing early rice varieties(Zhongzao 39,Zhuliangyou 819),8 high-quality late rice varieties(Shengtaiyou 9712,Ruiliangyou 1053,Taiyou 398,Taoyou 919,Taoyou Xiangzhan,Taiyou 390,Longjingyou No.1,Wuyou Tizhan)and 6 early-maturing rape varieties(Xiangyou 420,Yangguang 131,Fengyou 112,Xiangyou 228,Changzaoshu No.1 and Changzaoshu No.2),a variety screening experiment was carried out in Hengyang,Hunan Province in 2022.The results showed that in the early rice season,the growth period of Zhongzao 39 was 113 d and the yield was 7.98 t/hm2.The growth period of Zhuliangyou 819 was 112 d and the yield was 8.42 t/hm2,which was 5.51%higher than that of Zhongzao 39,and the difference was significant.In late rice season,the growth periods of Taoyou 919,Taoyou Xiangzhan,Taiyou 390,Longjingyou NO.1 and Wuyou Tizhan were all longer than 112 d,which were not suitable to be used as"oil-rice-rice"tri-ple cropping varieties,and the whole growth periods of Shengtaiyou 9712,Ruiliangyou 1053 and Taiyou 398 were 108 d,106 d and 105 d,respectively,and their yields exceeded 7.04 t/hm2.The rape variety Qianyou 112 has the longest growth period and matures on May 1st,and its yield is lower.Xiangyou 420 has the earliest ripening stage and matures on April 22nd,and its yield is the lowest,which is significantly lower than that of other varieties.Yangguang 131 has the highest yield,which is significantly higher than other varieties,but it has a long growth period and matured on April 29th,so it has a certain risk as a triple cropping system.Xiangyou 228,Changzaoshu No.1 and Changzaoshu No.2 could mature before April 26th,and their yield was higher than that of 1.80 t/hm2 and significantly higher than that of Xiangyou 420 and Chang-you 112.To sum up,the early rice varieties suitable for"oil-rice-rice"triple cropping system are Zhuliangyou 819,the late rice varieties are Shengtaiyou 9712,Ruiliangyou 1053 and Taiyou 398,and the rape varieties are Xiangyou 228,Chang-zaoshu No.1 and Changzaoshu No.2.under the conditions of transplanting of early and late rice seedlings and direct see-ding of rape,the growth period of rice and rape is suitable,and the yield is higher,so it is suitable to popularize.
朱捷;张明;邹丹;刘龙生;方升亮;谢飞鹏;滕蓉;彭美丹;钟康裕;傅志强
衡阳市农业科学院,湖南 衡阳 421101湖南农业大学农学院,湖南 长沙 410128
农业科学
三熟制水稻油菜品种筛选湘南地区
triple cropping systemricerapeseedvariety selectionsouthern Hunan
《作物研究》 2024 (003)
178-182 / 5
湖南省农业农村厅项目;国家水稻产业技术体系(CARS-01-72);衡阳市重点研发项目(202002032586).
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