Extreme precipitation detection ability of four high-resolution precipitation product datasets in hilly area:a case study in NepalOA
Extreme precipitation detection ability of four high-resolution precipitation product datasets in hilly area:a case study in Nepal
Given Nepal's vulnerability to extreme precipitation(EP),it is imperative to conduct a comprehensive analysis to comprehend the historical trends of such events.However,acquiring precise precipitation data for EP remains challenging in mountainous countries like Nepal owing to the scarcity of densely gauged networks.This limitation impedes the dissemination of knowledge pertaining to EP variability events in Nepal.The current research on this topic is deficient for two main reasons:1)there is a lack of studies leveraging recently released high-resolution precipitation products to identify their EP detection capabilities,which further hinders the usability of those products in data-scarce regions like Nepal,and 2)most studies have focused on the characterisation of EP events in Nepal rather than their spatial and temporal variability.To address these issues,this study evaluated the EP detection capabilities of four high-resolution precipitation product datasets(PPDs)across Nepal from 1985 to 2020.These datasets include the ERA5 Land reanalysis data,satellite-based precipitation data(PERSIANN_CCS_CDR and CHIRPS_V2.0)and a merged dataset(TPHiPr).We used various statistical and categorical indices to assess their ability to capture the spatial and temporal variability of EP events.The annual EP events were characterised by 11 indices divided into frequency and intensity categories.The TPHiPr merged dataset offered a robust depiction of monthly precipitation estimates,achieving the highest critical success index,accuracy,probability of detection and a low false alarm ratio for daily precipitation detection of 0.1 mm in Nepal.Conversely,the PERSIANN_CCS_CDR dataset exhibited poor performance.Most PPDs showed increasing trends in EP indices.However,the TPHiPr dataset showcased those trends with fewer errors and stronger correlations for many frequency(R10mm,R20mm and R25mm)and intensity(RX1day,RX5day,PRCPTOT and R99p)indices.The results indicate that TPHiPr outperformed other PPDs in accurately representing the spatial distribution of EP trends in Nepal from 1985 to 2020,particularly noting an exacerbation of EP events mostly in the eastern region of Nepal throughout the study period.While TPHiPr demonstrated superior performance in detecting various EP indices across Nepal,individual products like the ERA5 Land reanalysis dataset showed enhanced performance in the western region of Nepal.Conversely,PERSIANN_CCS_CDR and CHIRPS_V2.0 performed well in the eastern region compared to other PPDs.
Sunil SUBBA;Yao-Ming MA;Wei-Qiang MA;Cun-Bo HAN
Land-Atmosphere Interaction and its Climatic Effects Group,State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System,Environment and Resources(TPESER),Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China||College of Earth and Planetary Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,ChinaLand-Atmosphere Interaction and its Climatic Effects Group,State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System,Environment and Resources(TPESER),Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China||College of Earth and Planetary Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China||College of Atmospheric Science,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China||National Observation and Research Station for Qomolongma Special Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Changes,Dingri 858200,China||Kathmandu Center of Research and Education,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China||China-Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Islamabad 45320,PakistanLand-Atmosphere Interaction and its Climatic Effects Group,State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System,Environment and Resources(TPESER),Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China||College of Earth and Planetary Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China||College of Atmospheric Science,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China||National Observation and Research Station for Qomolongma Special Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Changes,Dingri 858200,ChinaLand-Atmosphere Interaction and its Climatic Effects Group,State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System,Environment and Resources(TPESER),Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China||National Observation and Research Station for Qomolongma Special Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Changes,Dingri 858200,China||China-Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Islamabad 45320,Pakistan
Extreme precipitationPrecipitation productNepalTPHiPrERA5 land PERSIANN_CCS_CDRCHIRPS_V2.0
《气候变化研究进展（英文版）》 2024 (003)
390-405 / 16
This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42230610)and the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP)Program(2019QZKK0103).The authors are grateful to Nepal's Depart-ment of Hydrology and Meteorology(DHM)and the EvK2-CNR Committee for their kind assistance in providing the station data.The data for all the stations used can be purchased from the Department of Hydrology and Meteorology,Govern-ment of Nepal(http://www.dhm.gov.np/).Pyramid station data is provided by the EvK2-CNR Committee on request(http://www.evk2cnr.org/cms/en/research/integrated_programs/share).ERA5 Land data is downloaded from http://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/,CHIRPS_V2.0 was assessed through http://chg.geog.ucsb.edu/data/chirps/,and PERSIANN_CCS_CDR was downloaded from https://chrsdata.eng.uci.edu/.The authors also highly appreciate anonymous reviewers for their valuable suggestions to improve the quality of this article.
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