保水剂施用量对西南紫色土水分和养分特征及烟叶品质的影响OA北大核心CSTPCD
Influence of the Condition of Different Dosages of Water Retaining Agent Application on Soil Water Content and Soil Nutrients and the Indices of the Flue-Cured Tobacco Quality in Purple Soils of Southwest of China
[目的]揭示保水剂聚丙烯酸钾不同施用量对西南烟区紫色土水分、土壤孔隙状况、土壤养分特征及烟叶品质的影响,为缓解季节性干旱区植烟土壤水分缺乏及高产优质的烟草生产提供重要参考.[方法]采用随机区组设计,定量研究了不同保水剂施用量条件下的紫色土水分、养分及烟叶品质特征.[结果]保水剂添加后,土壤pH值变化范围为7.4～7.7,土壤总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、土壤饱和含水量、田间持水量、毛管含水量均呈先增大后减小变化规律,当保水剂施用量为150 kg/hm2时,土壤容重达到最低值,土壤总孔隙度和毛管孔隙度、土壤饱和含水量、毛管含水量均达到最大值.土壤的阳离子交换量(CEC值)呈现出波动式变化.土壤有机碳、全钾和速效钾含量随着保水剂施用量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,土壤全氮、全磷、碱解氮和速效磷含量呈逐渐增加趋势.土壤容重呈现出先减小后增大的趋势.烟叶氯含量、总氮含量变化为上部叶＜中部叶＜下部叶.随着保水剂施用浓度的增加,烟叶氯含量呈波动变化.中上部烟叶含钾量高于下部烟叶含钾量且随保水剂施用浓度的增加略有增加.烟碱含量变化为上部叶＞中部叶＞下部叶,且烟碱含量与保水剂施用浓度相关性较弱.烟叶还原糖和总糖的变化趋势较为一致.不同部位的烟叶钾氯比表现为上部叶＞中部叶＞下部叶,且最随着保水剂施用浓度的增加,烟叶钾氯比呈波动态变化.不同叶位烟碱/总氮比和糖碱比均表现为上部叶＜中部叶＜下部叶,且随着保水剂浓度的增大,均表现为递增趋势.植烟土壤全氮含量与不同叶位的烟叶氯含量、上部叶含钾量、还原糖含量之间均呈显著正相关关系(p＜0.05).不同叶位烟叶氯含量、还原糖含量、上部烟叶钾含量、下部烟叶烟碱含量均与土壤有机碳间存在显著正相关关系(p＜0.05).[结论]保水剂为150 kg/hm2对于西南紫色土的改良效果最佳,研究可为植烟土壤抗旱性能增强及烟叶品质的提升提供科学依据.
[Objective]The aims of this study are to clarify the characteristics and influence of soil water content,soil porosity,soil nutrients and the flue-cured tobacco quality in the condition of different dosage of water retaining agent(Potassium polycalcium),to apply the important supply to relieve drought and enhance the quality of the tobacco.[Methods]The random-groups design and the condition of different dosages of water retention agent were adopted to measure the indices of soil water content,soil nutrients and tobacco quality.[Results]As the dosages of water retention agent increased,the soil pH value changed from 7.4 to 7.7,total porosity,capillary porosity,soil saturated water content,field capacity,capillary water content first increased then decreased,when the dosage of water retaining agent reached to 150 kg/hm2,the value of soil bulk density reached to the lowest value.However,the values of total porosity,capillary porosity,soil saturated water content and capillary porosity reached to the highest values.The value of CEC showed fluctuated changes.With the increased of the dosages of water retention agent,the soil organic carbon,soil total potassium,available potassium first increased then decreased.However,the total nitrogen,total phosphorus,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus showed the increasing trends.But the bulk density first decreased then increased.The chlorine and total nitrogen of the tobacco leaves showed the trends of the upper leaves＜the middle leaves＜the lower leaves,and as the concentrations of the water retention agent increased,the content of the chlorine of the tobacco leaves showed the fluctuating change.The potassium of middle and upper leaves of the tobacco leaves were higher than that of the lower leaves.And it increased as the concentrations of the water retention agent increased.The content of nicotine changed as the order:the upper leaves＞the middle leaves＞the lower leaves,and there existed the weak correlation between nicotine and the concentration of the water retention agents.The reducing sugar and total sugar showed the similar change trends.The ratio of potassium and chlorine changed as the order:the upper leaves＞the middle leaves＞the lower leaves,and showed the fluctuating change trends as the concentration of water retention agent increased.However,the ratio of nicotine and total nitrogen and the ratio of sugar and alkaline showed the order:the upper leaves＜the middle leaves＜the lower leaves,and the two ratios increased as the concentration of water retention agents increased.Meanwhile,there existed the significant positive correlation between the soil total nitrogen and the chlorine contents,the potassium of the upper leaves,the reducing sugar(p＜0.05).Also there existed the significant positive correlation between the soil organic carbon and the chlorine contents,the reducing sugar,the potassium of the upper leaves,the nicotine of the lower leaves(p＜0.05).[Conclusion]Above all,the dosage of 150 kg/hm2is considered as the best dosage to soil amelioration in southwest China.Also this study can supply the basis and data supports to the anti-drought ability and enhance the flue-cured tobacco quality.
周萍;方珂;赵楠;鞠臻;庄文化;杨军伟;叶田会;张丹
中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所山地表生过程与生态调控重点实验室,成都 610041||中国科学院大学,北京 100049四川大学水利水电学院水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室,成都 610065四川省烟草公司攀枝花市公司,四川攀枝花 617061中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所山地表生过程与生态调控重点实验室,成都 610041
农业科学
保水剂土壤水分土壤养分烟叶品质指标相关关系
water retention agentsoil water contentsoil nutrientsthe indices of flue-cured tobacco qualitycorrelations
《水土保持研究》 2024 (005)
53-63 / 11
国家自然科学基金项目"松散土体的冲散机理及根系的固结保护作用"(42277353);中国烟草总公司四川省公司重点科技项目(SCYC202105)
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