作物学报2024，Vol.50Issue(9)：2248-2266,19.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.44004
北方春大豆品种农艺和品质性状分析与综合评价
Analysis and comprehensive evaluation of agronomic and quality traits of spring soybean varieties in northern China
摘要
Abstract
Soybean germplasm resources are the key to the improvement of soybean variety.Variation analysis,correlation analy-sis,cluster analysis,principal components analysis,piecewise linear regression analysis,and stepwise multiple regression analysis were conducted on the main agronomic and quality traits of 334 spring soybean germplasm resources in northern China.The re-sults of cluster analysis showed that 334 soybean germplasm resources could be divided into 4 groups,among which group Ⅲ mainly include cross breeding soybean varieties in Jilin region,with the high average yield per unit,strong lodging resistance,and better comprehensive performance in this region.Principal components analysis showed that the five principal components repre-sented yield factor,quality factor,plant height factor,branching and flowering factor,and flowering to maturity time factor,with the cumulative contribution rate of 79.76％.The soybean variety with the best overall performance was No.36 using DTOPSIS method.Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that the number of pods per plant,100-seed weight,oil content,the number of nodes on main stem,and the number of seeds per plant had significant effect on yield;oil content,the number of pods per plant,the effective branch number,plant height,and flowering time had significant effect on protein content.Protein content,100-seed weight,flowering time,flowering to maturity time,the number of pods per plant,and yield had significant effect on oil content.Based on piecewise linear regression analysis,combined with correlation analysis,and multiple regression equations,the optimum plant types for high-yield soybeans were established as follows:the number of nodes on main stem was increasing as much as possible.Five nodes height on the bottom was 8.00-14.70 cm.The number of pods per plant was more than 132.83.The effective branch number was about 6.The flowering time was about 57.16 days.The time from flowering to maturity was greater than 61.29 days,and the whole growth period was controlled before the frost period.Lodging is non-lodging or slight lodging.The number of seeds per plant was about 250.43.Protein content was about 38.87％,oil content was greater than 19.27％,100-seed weight was 19.45-22.55 g.The optimum plant type of high-yield and high-oil soybeans was approximately 113.50-114.45 cm in plant height.Five nodes height on the bottom was 12.15-14.70 cm.The number of nodes on main stem shall not exceed 25.15 segments.The number of pods per plant was 132.83-142.65.The effective branch number was 0-3.00.Lodging was non-lodging or slight lodging.The flowering time was about 57.16 days.The time from flowering to maturity was 61.29-69.00 days,the number of seeds per plant was approximately 249.63,and 100-seed weight was 19.25-22.55 g.The opti-mum plant types for high-yield and high-protein soybeans were:the plant height was about 113.50-114.45 cm.Five nodes on the bottom were about 8.00-10.55 cm.The number of nodes on main stem was about 19.42.The number of pods per plant was 132.83-138.96,the branch number was about 4.72.Lodging can be mid-lodging.The flowering time was about 63.00 days.The time from flowering to maturity was about 68.52 days.The number of seeds per plant was 227.54-250.43,100-seed weight was less than 19.20 g.This study revealed that northern spring soybean germplasm resources had a wide genetic background and rich genetic potential,which was the high-quality soybean breeding resources.关键词
大豆/农艺性状/品质性状/主成分分析/分段线性回归/综合评价Key words
soybean/agronomic trait/quality trait/principal component analysis/piecewise linear regression/the comprehensive evaluation引用本文复制引用
聂波涛,刘德泉,陈健,崔正果,侯云龙,陈亮,邱红梅,王跃强..北方春大豆品种农艺和品质性状分析与综合评价[J].作物学报,2024,50(9):2248-2266,19.基金项目
本研究由吉林省科技发展计划项目(20220202012NC),吉林省农业科技创新工程(CXGC2022RCG005)和吉林省农业科技创新工程(CXGC2022RCY008)资助.This study was supported by the Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Plan Project(20220202012NC),the Jilin Province Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project(CXGC2022RCG005),and the Jilin Province Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project(CXGC2022RCY008). （20220202012NC）
