作物学报2024，Vol.50Issue(9)：2335-2346,12.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.44015
侧深施肥通过优化叶片功能与氮素积累来提高大豆产量
Deep side fertilization improved soybean yield by optimizing leaf function and nitrogen accumulation
摘要
Abstract
Fertilizers play a crucial role in providing essential nutrients for crops,promoting photosynthesis,and enhancing crop growth and yield formation.The Huang-Huai-Hai region is a significant soybean production area in China,known for high-quality soybean cultivation.Optimizing fertilization techniques in this region is pivotal for improving soybean yields and reducing soy-bean import pressure in China.In this experiment,we implemented four treatments:no fertilization(F0),side deep fertilization(F1),equidistant deep fertilization(F2),and surface fertilization(F3).The objective was to study the variations in soybean leaf physiological indices,material accumulation,and yield composition under different fertilization methods.Our aim was to eluci-date the relationship between fertilization practices and soybean production,providing theoretical support for sustainable and efficient soybean production in the Huang-Huai-Hai region.The results demonstrated that the F1 treatment significantly increased the potential photochemical quantum yield of photosystem Ⅱ(Fv/Fm),the actual photochemical quantum yield of photosystem Ⅱ[Y(Ⅱ)],the electron transfer rate(ETR),and the photochemical fluorescence quenching coefficient(qP)of soybean leaves during the pod-grain stage.Compared to the other treatments,the F1 treatment led to a 3.61％-22.86％increase in Y(Ⅱ)in soybean leaves during the late reproductive stage.Regarding antioxidant metabolism,the F1 treatment significantly enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)in soybean leaves.In comparison to the other treatments,the F1-treated leaves exhibited a 6.32％-35.34％increase in SOD activity and a 1.93％-50.55％increase in CAT activity during the late seed filling stage,subsequently contributing to a boosted net photosynthetic rate(29.42％-70.10％).The enhancement of photosynthetic func-tion in the F1 treatment resulted in increased dry matter(1.17％-101.18％)and nitrogen(1.01％-88.14％)accumulation during the middle and late fertility stages,providing a foundation for increased yield.Changes in fertilization practices(F1 and F2 treatments)led to a significant increase in soybean yield by 10.66％and 6.55％,respectively,compared to the F3 treatment.Further analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between soybean leaf Fv/Fm,Y(Ⅱ),Pn,SOD,CAT activities,and the number of pods per plant,number of grains per plant,and overall yield.In conclusion,side-depth fertilization enhanced the late antioxidant system function of soybean leaves,improved photosynthesis and material accumulation,optimized yield composition,and promoted in-creased soybean yield.关键词
侧深施肥/叶绿素/荧光参数/光合能力/产量Key words
side deep fertilization/chlorophyll/fluorescence parameters/photosynthetic capacity/yield引用本文复制引用
徐一帆,徐彩龙,李瑞东,吴宗声,华建鑫,杨琳,宋雯雯,吴存祥..侧深施肥通过优化叶片功能与氮素积累来提高大豆产量[J].作物学报,2024,50(9):2335-2346,12.基金项目
本研究由国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFE0105000),国家自然科学基金项目(32101845)和财政部和农业农村部现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-04)资助.This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFE0105000),the National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China(32101845),and the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-04). （2023YFE0105000）
