农村养老机构公建民营改制:何以可能又何以可为?OA北大核心CHSSCDCSSCICSTPCD
Possible Prerequisite and Optimization Path of the Public-Funded-Private-Run Reform of Elderly Care Institutions in Rural Areas
人口老龄化和城乡人口倒置的加深使得农村养老问题日益突出,在家庭养老照护功能减弱的情况下,对农村养老机构实行公建民营改制是完善农村社会化养老体系的重要举措.然而,农村养老机构公建民营改制虽拓宽了多元主体参与的渠道,但实际也遭遇了政策初衷扭曲、实践效果不佳等诸多瓶颈.研究发现,对改制主体权责关系的讨论是解决改制瓶颈的关键.通过福利多元主义中"多元福利主体"和社会治理中"多元主体治理"这两个概念,构建"多元主体识别-多元主体参与-多元主体协同"的分析框架,探讨农村养老机构公建民营改制的可能前提和可为进路.中部某省A县的改制实践表明,对多元主体的权责厘清是实施改制的前提条件,而多元主体本身各持逻辑则是导致改制困境的根源,具体表现为政策内卷导致的县民政局越位管理、科层逻辑导致的乡镇政府工作缺位、过度依赖导致的市场主体目标偏离和生活理性导致的机构院长经验欠缺等.为此,要确保县民政局把握导向不越位、重塑乡镇政府监督和沟通责任、明确市场配置作用和产品定位以及完善院长角色定位和能力提升,实现多元主体的协同发展,以期达成农村养老机构公建民营改制的初衷和目标,完善农村机构养老建设体系,为农村社会化养老的多样态高质量发展提供助力.
The increasing population aging and population inversion leads to an increasingly prominent problem of the rural elderly care.Under the situation of weakened family elderly care functions,carrying out the public-funded-private-run reform of elderly care institutions in rural areas has become an important measure to improve the socialized elderly care system in rural areas.However,although the public-funded-private-run reform of elderly care institutions in rural areas has broadened the channels for the participation of multiple subjects,it has also encountered many bottlenecks such as distorting the policy intention and poor practice effect.It is found that the discussion of the relationship of multiple subjects between rights and responsibilities is the key to solving the bottleneck of the reform.Through the two concepts of"multi-subject welfare"in welfare pluralism and"multi-subject governance"in social governance,this study constructs the analysis frame of"multi-subject identification-multi-subject participation-multi-subject coordination",and discusses possible prerequisite and optimization path of the public-funded-private-run reform of elderly care institutions in rural areas.The practice in County A in central China shows that it is the precondition to clarify the rights and responsibilities of the multiple subjects,while the logic of the multiple subjects themselves is the root of the dilemma of system reform,which is manifested in the offside management of the county civil affairs bureau under the policy involution,the absence of the township government work under the bureaucratic logic,the target deviation of market entities under the over-reliance,and the lack of experience of institutional directors under the rational life.Therefore,it is necessary to ensure that the county civil affairs bureau grasps the direction without overstepping its bounds,reshapes the supervision and communication responsibilities of township governments,clarifies the role of market entities and product positioning,and improves the role positioning and ability improvement of the institutional directors,so as to realize the coordinated development of multiple subjects.Only in this way,can we achieve the original intention of the public-funded-private-run reform of elderly care institutions in rural areas,improve the construction system of elderly care institutions in rural areas,and provide a boost to the diversified and high-quality development of socialized elderly care in rural areas.
曹海林;姚琦
河海大学公共管理学院,江苏南京 211100
社会学
农村养老多元主体权责关系养老机构公建民营
elderly care in rural areasrights and responsibilities among multiple subjectselderly care institutionspublic-funded-private-run reform
《河海大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》 2024 (004)
14-26 / 13
国家社会科学基金重点项目(21ASH013);中央高校基本科研业务费人文专项(重大培育)资金资助项目(B230207004)
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