中小学校"空间-健康"影响机制与实证研究OA北大核心CHSSCDCSTPCD

Primary and secondary school students are the future and hope of China.Their health status is closely related to the future of China,so it becomes an important part of China's development strategy to build healthy campuses.However,students face health risks due to a lack of theories and practices in the design of healthy campuses.The visual acuity,physical fitness,physical condition,and psychological condition of students are not optimal and show severe health conditions.With the changes in national population policies,the degree gap is constantly increasing,and primary and secondary schools will also usher in a new wave of construction or expansion.Therefore,studying healthy campuses is both inevitable and urgent. Based on the theoretical framework and research hypotheses of influencing"space-health"mechanisms in primary and secondary schools,an empirical study of data was conducted using structural equation modeling.Moreover,a case study was carried out through environmental quality measurement and spatial behavior observation,thus disclosing the influencing paths between space and health,as well as the dominant factors and effects.By combining the abstract concept of health and specific factor of space,this study proves that physical environment,spatial form,supporting facilities,and spatial behaviors have direct and indirect correlations with health,and determines the extent of different elements and factors on health. This study concludes that there are direct and indirect interactions between space and health.First,natural,physical,chemical,biological,facility,and other material factors in space can damage or promote physical and mental health as pathogenic and psychological stimuli.Second,as a special medium,space interacts with these material factors,as well as non-material factors(e.g.,economy,culture,and behavior),due to its functional structure and construction methods.It endangers or promotes health indirectly,because few school spatial factors have negative effects on health,particularly in primary and secondary schools.Physical environmental factors show low-degree effects,and most factors generate positive effects.The directional influences of spatial behavioral factors on health exceed those of other factors,showing high-degree effects.The standardized total path coefficient of spatial behavior on health status exceeded that of the physical environment.The indirect path coefficients of spatial form and supporting facilities with health status exceed that of the direct effect. The research results demonstrate the feasibility of cultivating and guiding healthy behaviors through spatial optimization to promote health improvement successfully.Future studies can shift attention from passive disease prevention to active health interventions and obtain health benefits based on the positive effects of spatial environment.Based on the distribution characteristics and mutual influence relationships of health-influencing factors,this study found that the construction of a healthy campus should follow three principles:full-cycle control,multi-path coordinated allocation,and priority promotion of key points.To attain health benefits,it should optimize the material environment,improve environmental quality comprehensively,weaken the negative effects of the material environment,and improve the positive effects by multidimensional quality improvement,morphology-scale supplementation,and a combined passive-active strategy.Moreover,it should optimize the behavioral environment,strengthen space-behavior interaction,increase utilization of space,improve students'physical and mental health,and promote health by combining sense creation,spatial distance control,and spatial function.