风景园林2024，Vol.31Issue(10)：17-27,11.DOI:10.3724/j.fjyl.202405130262
景观人类学视角下遗产阐释体系建构与多元认知研究——以苏州园林为例
Heritage Interpretation System Construction and Pluralistic Heritage Cognition Research from the Perspective of Landscape Anthropology:A Case Study of Suzhou Gardens
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]This research explores the modern concept of heritage,combining objective existence and subjective perception,within a global-national-local framework.Heritage interpretations often overlap and conflict due to varying perspectives across these levels.Landscape anthropologist Hirotake Kawai's"Multi-phase"concept explains the cognitive collisions and integrations that occur during heritage discourse exchanges.Landscape anthropology distinguishes between"space"(globalization)and"place"(localization),reflecting how external forces shape environments versus how locals perceive and construct their surroundings.In this context,heritage interpretation involves reconciling diverse cultural perspectives.The research uses Suzhou Gardens as a case study to develop a multi-subject heritage interpretation system within a pluralistic discourse framework.Suzhou Gardens are selected for their cultural duality and rich environment.The aim is to reconstruct the heritage discourse,facilitating dialogue between Suzhou Gardens and the world heritage system while considering the cognitive differences of various stakeholders,including local communities.This approach enhances the integration of internal and external perspectives in landscape anthropology and fosters a multi-party dialogue mechanism. [Methods]Methodologically,the research focuses on three groups:supra-local authorities,tourists,and residents.It analyzes heritage discourse through two dimensions:"space production"by external entities and"place construction"by local society.Official texts are examined using a heritage value framework and word frequency-weighting methods to create a policy-value analysis for the supra-local and higher-level perspectives.Tourist perspectives are analyzed through digital footprint data,categorizing gardens into core,transitional,and peripheral types.Semantic network analysis evaluates heritage cognition.Resident perspectives are studied via garden classification,semi-structured interviews,and coding systems.The Kano model is applied to categorize residents'heritage cognition into demand attributes,refining the overall interpretive framework. [Results]The research finds that the supra-national and national perspectives,which correspond to the"space"principle in landscape anthropology,emphasize describing heritage forms and relationships from a macro-level viewpoint.The supra-national perspective focuses on regional representation and cross-cultural exchange in heritage,while the national perspective highlights national symbolism and the artistic value of Chinese aesthetic ideals in Suzhou Gardens.From the local perspective,tourists'heritage cognition is primarily influenced by supra-national and national perspectives,with heritage characteristics becoming the most perceived elements during visits.However,deeper cultural experiences and local perceptions are often weakened by superficial visits,leading to fragmented heritage interpretation.Tourists thus form their classification system for heritage sites during visits,abstracting historical and artistic values as the primary content of Suzhou Gardens'heritage interpretation.In core gardens,tourists and residents share similar heritage values,but the influx of tourists compresses the ability of local residents to construct the connotation of gardens,turning these gardens into spaces of heritage consumption.In transitional gardens,there is overlap but also divergence in the needs of tourists and residents,creating potential for symbiotic space-place relationships.In peripheral gardens,significant differences in values between tourists and residents suggest a shift toward place construction by locals,reflecting the self-construction process of the local society. [Conclusion]This research demonstrates that a heritage interpretation method under a pluralistic discourse framework can break free from authoritative heritage discourse that typically focuses on management and indoctrination,and can encourage the inclusion of multiple stakeholders who consider the public attributes of heritage protection.The structural relationships and conflicts between local practice and external production in Suzhou Gardens show that heritage landscapes involve both local self-construction(place)and external social production(space).For sustainable world heritage protection,it is essential to balance expert-driven heritage value assessments with public engagement,particularly by incorporating local emotions and community memories into heritage discourse.This may facilitate the creation of a more integrated and diversified heritage system that better reflects the complexity of contemporary heritage values and supports its sustainable development.关键词
文化遗产/景观人类学/遗产话语/遗产阐释/价值评估/景观认知Key words
cultural heritage/landscape anthropology/heritage discourse/heritage interpretation/value assessment/landscape cognition分类
建筑与水利引用本文复制引用
周详,刘雅旭,谢伊鸣,常婧超..景观人类学视角下遗产阐释体系建构与多元认知研究——以苏州园林为例[J].风景园林,2024,31(10):17-27,11.基金项目
国家自然科学基金"数字足迹支持下的历史性城市景观游憩体验质量评价体系研究"(编号52008085) （编号52008085）
教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目"信息传递模型支持下历史性城市景观时空感知测度与文化连通机制研究"(编号24YJCZH471) （编号24YJCZH471）
中国高等教育学会科学研究规划课题"中外比较视阈下'景观美育'教学创新研究"(编号23MY0403) （编号23MY0403）
