唐家河国家级自然保护区同域分布六种偶蹄类动物的活动节律与空间利用OA北大核心CSTPCD

Understanding the temporal and spatial distribution of sympatric species with similar niches is a primary focus in community ecology research.In this study,infrared camera technology was used for monitoring large and medium mammals in the forest ecosystem of Tangjiahe National Nature Reserve,Sichuan,China,from January to December 2021.A total of 82 camera-trap sites were deployed,resulting in a total of 18 710 days of camera workdays.Kernel den-sity estimation and occupation model were used to analyze the temporal and spatial distribution of the six ungulates in the reserve during the cold and warm seasons.The results showed that the daily activity rhythms of the tufted deer(Ela-phodus cephalophus)and the Reeves's muntjac(Muntiacus reevesi)showed a high degree of overlap(Δ ≥ 0.80)in both seasons,while the Chinese takin(Budorcas tibetana),Chinese goral(Naemorhedus griseus),Chinese serow(Capricornis milneedwardsii),and wild boar(Sus scrofa)exhibited moderate overlap(Δ value between 0.50 and 0.80).The daily ac-tivity patterns of the tufted deer,Reeves's muntjac,Chinese goral,Chinese takin,and wild boar were bimodal,with cre-puscular tendencies,whereas the Chinese serow displayed a predominantly nocturnal and multimodal activity pattern.In the cold season,the Chinese takin had the highest occupancy rate(0.70),while in the warm season,the Chinese goral had the highest occupancy rate(0.96).The Chinese serow had the lowest occupancy rates in both seasons,at 0.18 and 0.19,respectively.Elevation,slope,slope direction,distance to water source,and distance from road were significant factors influencing the spatial distributions of these six ungulate species.The study demonstrates that activity rhythms and spatial utilization of the six ungulate species in Tangjiahe National Nature Reserve exhibit seasonal differences.These findings provide preliminary insights into the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and influencing fac-tors of ungulate species in different seasons,offering a scientific basis for the formulation of targeted conservation man-agement strategies in this region.