Brightness temperature simulation of subarctic lake-ice evolution by HIGHTSI and SMRT modelOA
Brightness temperature simulation of subarctic lake-ice evolution by HIGHTSI and SMRT model
Microwave brightness temperature(TB)can be used to retrieve lake ice thickness in the Arctic and subarctic regions.However,the accuracy of the retrieval is affected by the physical properties of lake ice.To improve the understanding of how lake ice affects TB,numerical modeling was applied.This study combined a physical thermodynamic ice model HIGHTSI with a microwave radiation transfer model SMRT to simulate the TB and lake ice evolution in 2002-2011 in Hulun Lake,China.The reanalyzed meteorological data were used as atmospheric forcing.The ice season was divided into the growth period,the slow growth period,and the ablation period.The simulations revealed that TB was highly sensitive to ice thickness during the ice season,especially vertical polarization measurement at 18.7 GHz.The quadratic polynomial fit for ice thickness to TB outperformed the linear fit,regardless of whether lake ice contained bubbles or not.A comparison of the simulated TB with space-borne TB showed that the simulated TB had the best accuracy during the slow growth period,with a minimum RMSE of 4.6 K.The results were influenced by the bubble radius and salinity.These findings enhance comprehension of the interaction between lake ice properties(including ice thickness,bubbles,and salinity)and TB during ice seasons,offering insights to sea ice in the Arctic and subarctic freshwater observations.
ZHANG Yixiao;QIU Yubao;PENG Chongtai;Bin CHENG;SHI Lijuan;Matti LEPPÄRANTA
Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science,Aerospace Information Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100094,China||International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals,Beijing 100094,China||University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,ChinaSchool of Information and Communication,Guilin University of Electronic Technology,Guilin 541004,ChinaFinnish Meteorological Institute,Helsinki 00101,FinlandKey Laboratory of Digital Earth Science,Aerospace Information Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100094,China||National Key Laboratory of Microwave Imaging Technology,Aerospace Information Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100094,China||Department of Space Microwave Remote Sensing System,Aerospace Information Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100094,ChinaKey Laboratory of Digital Earth Science,Aerospace Information Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100094,China||University of Helsinki,Helsinki 00014,Finland
lake ice evolutionHIGHTSISMRTice thicknesspassive microwave brightness temperature
《极地科学进展（英文版）》 2024 (003)
303-323 / 21
The meteorological forcing data to the thermodynamic model were provided by CMFD and ECMWF.This research was supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project(Grant no.2022ZD0117202),the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant no.42101389),and CAS President's International Fellowship Initiative(Grant no.2021VTA0007).We thank the Associate Editor Dr.Xiao Cheng,the reviewer Dr.Lingmei Jiang and the anonymous reviewer for their helpful remarks that further improve this paper.
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