熟化垫料部分替代化肥对水稻-多花黑麦草轮作生产力、土壤肥力和重金属含量的影响OA北大核心CSTPCD
Effects of Different Proportions of Fermentation Bed Paddings Replacing Chemical Fertilizer on Crop Productivity,Soil Fertility and Heavy Metals Under Italian Ryegrass-Rice Rotation
探讨熟化垫料部分替代化肥对长江中下游地区水稻-多花黑麦草轮作系统生产力、土壤肥力和重金属含量的影响,为长江中下游地区有机肥合理施用及其风险评估提供科学依据.采用连续2年的大田小区试验,以猪发酵床熟化垫料不同比例替代化肥:不施肥对照(CK)、单施化肥(T1)、熟化垫料替代25%化肥氮(T2)、熟化垫料替代50%化肥氮(T3)、熟化垫料替代75%化肥氮(T4)、单施熟化垫料(T5),分析在相等施氮量条件下熟化垫料替代化肥对水稻-多花黑麦草轮作系统作物地上生物量、氮素利用率、土壤理化性质以及重金属含量的影响.研究结果表明,与对照相比,各施肥处理均能不同程度地提高水稻籽粒、水稻秸秆、多花黑麦草产量及地上部周年总产量.在不同比例熟化垫料替代处理中,随着熟化垫料替代比例的增加,作物产量表现为降低的趋势.相对于T1处理,T2处理的水稻-多花黑麦草轮作系统地上部周年生物产量连续两年分别提高5.88%和6.40%,T3处理差异不显著,T4和T5处理显著降低.随着熟化垫料施用比例的增加,水稻-多花黑麦草轮作系统作物年总产量呈先增加后降低趋势,其中T4和T5处理的周年地上部总产量第2年比第1年分别增加11.49%和20.34%.施肥显著影响轮作系统作物的氮素吸收量、利用率和偏生产力.相比于T1处理,T2处理第1年和第2年轮作系统地上部氮素吸收量分别增加9.387%和7.59%,氮素利用率分别提高14.66%和10.14%,偏生产力分别提高7.58%和5.94%;T3处理与T1处理差异不显著;但T4和T5处理3个指标均显著降低.相比于T1处理,耕层0~20 cm 土壤pH、有机质、速效钾和有效磷含量随着熟化垫料替代比例的增加表现为升高的趋势.相比于T1处理,T3、T4和T5处理的土壤有机质含量,分别增加33.98%、46.23%和47.09%,有效磷含量分别增加49.11%、67.15%和73.87%,速效钾含量分别增加23.36%、36.77%和55.24%(2年均值).熟化垫料施用造成了土壤Cu和Zn的富集,但对土壤Cd含量影响不显著,同一施肥处理土壤中的Cu、Zn和Cd含量,第1轮作年低于第2轮作年,但含量均在土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准(GB15618-2018)范围内.2年4季定位试验表明,熟化垫料替代25%~50%化肥为长江中下游地区水稻-多花黑麦草轮作生产值得推荐的化肥减量增效模式.
The effects of fermentation bed paddings partially replacing chemical fertilizer on crop aboveground biomass,N efficiency,soil fertility and heavy metals contents on Italian ryegrass-rice rotation were studied to explore the suitable replacement ratio of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer under rice-ryegrass rotation,and to construct the safe application technology of organic fertilizer,which can provide technical support for high-yield and high-efficiency crop production under grain-grass rotation system in southern agricultural areas.Under the condition of equal nitrogen application,a field experiment was carried out in two years,in which 6 fertilization treatments were setup:CK,no fertilizer treatment;inorganic fertilizer treatment(T1),fermentation bed paddings replacing 25%,50%,75%chemical N(T2,T3,T4),and fermentation bed paddings(T5).The effects of different treatments on the aboveground biomass,nitrogen use efficiency,soil physiochemical properties and heavy metal contents were determined.The results showed that compared with CK,all fertilization treatments improved rice grain yield and straw yield,Italian ryegrass yield and annual aboveground yield.In the treatments with different proportions of organic fertilizer,with the increase of proportion of organic nitrogen substitution,crop yield showed a decreasing trend.The experimental data for two consecutive years showed that compared with T1,T2 increased the annual aboveground yield of by 5.88%and 6.40%,but there was no significant difference between T3 and T1,and significantly decreased in the T4 and T5 treatments.The total annual crop yield of Italian ryegrass-rice rotation showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of the application ratio of fermentation bed paddings,the annual shoot yield of T4 and T5 increased by 11.49%and 20.34%respectively in the second year compared with the first year.Nitrogen uptake and use efficiency of rice and ryegrass were significantly increased by applying appropriate proportion of organic fertilizer.Nitrogen uptake of rice grain and straw as well as ryegrass were the highest in T2,while there was no significant difference between T3 and T1,but T4 and T5 significantly decreased.Compared with T1,T2 increased the aboveground nitrogen uptake by 9.387%and 7.59%,and increased nitrogen use efficiency by 14.66%and 10.14%,increased partial productivity by 7.58%and 5.94%in the first and second year respectively.Soil pH and the contents of organic matter,available potassium and phosphorus increased with the increase of the proportion of organic fertilizer,while the content of available nitrogen increased first and then decreased.According to the two-year average value,compared with T1,T3,T4 and T5 increased the SOM contents by 33.98%,46.23%and 47.09%,and increased available phosphorus contents by 49.11%,67.15%and 73.87%,and increased available K contents by 23.36%,36.77%and 55.24%respectively.The application of organic fertilizer resulted in the enrichment of Cu and Zn in soil,but had no significant effect on Cd content in soil.The contents of Cu,Zn and Cd in the same fertilization treatment were lower in the first crop year than in the second crop year,but the contents were all within the soil pollution risk control standard(GB15618-2018).In conclusion,25%-50%of the fermentation bed paddings and inorganic fertilizers applied is suitable for Italian ryegrass-rice rotation in the Yangtze River.
张文洁;许能祥;丁成龙;李青丰
内蒙古农业大学草原与资源环境学院,呼和浩特 010011||江苏省农业科学院畜牧研究所/农业农村部种养结合重点实验室,南京 210014江苏省农业科学院畜牧研究所/农业农村部种养结合重点实验室,南京 210014内蒙古农业大学草原与资源环境学院,呼和浩特 010011
农业科学
水稻-多花黑麦草轮作熟化垫料产量氮素利用率土壤肥力重金属
Italian ryegrass-rice rotationFermentation bed paddingsYieldN efficiencySoil fertilityHeavy metals
《土壤》 2024 (004)
742-749 / 8
江苏省自主创新项目(CX(21)2017)和江苏现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(JATS(2022)440)资助.
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