秸秆还田与灌溉方式对大豆玉米带状间作出苗及幼苗生长的影响OA北大核心CSTPCD
Effects of Straw Returning and Irrigation Methods on Seedling Emergence and Growth in Soybean and Maize Strip Intercropping
[目的]大豆玉米带状间作是我国大豆产能提升工程的重要栽培模式.探究秸秆还田与灌溉方式对大豆玉米带状间作作物出苗及幼苗生长质量的影响,以期为带状间作解决出苗难题提供理论支撑.[方法]试验于 2022 和 2023 年在山东省德州市禹城市和四川省遂宁市安居区进行,采用二因素裂区试验,设置 3 种秸秆还田方式(S1,秸秆不还田;S2,秸秆灭茬还田;S3,秸秆留茬还田)和 3 种灌溉方式(W1,抢墒播种;W2,畦灌造墒;W3,播后喷灌),研究其对带状间作作物出苗及幼苗生长的影响.[结果]灌溉可显著提高土壤含水量并缓解土壤紧实度,进而有效提高大豆、玉米出苗率,缩短出苗时间.禹城S2 处理下W3、W2、W1 的大豆出苗率分别为 71.00%、45.70%、38.50%;安居S2 处理下W3、W2、W1的大豆出苗率分别为 90.17%、88.50%、61.67%,W2、W3 的出苗时间较W1 分别缩短 3.29、2.92 d.不同灌溉方式下玉米出苗率均可达到 90%以上,但出苗时间明显不同.禹城W2、W3 的玉米出苗时间较W1 分别缩短 1.90、3.10 d;安居W2、W3 较W1 分别缩短 0.96、0.60 d.秸秆还田显著提高了土壤含水量并降低土壤紧实度,两地效果均表现为S2＞S3＞S1.禹城秸秆还田在W1 处理下可显著提高大豆出苗率,S2 较S1 提高 45.08%.秸秆还田对两地玉米出苗率均无明显影响.秸秆还田与灌溉均显著提高了安居大豆脂肪酶(LPS)和玉米α-淀粉酶活性(α-AL),W2、W3 的LPS较W1 分别高 26.86%、37.77%,S2 的LPS较S3、S1 分别高 14.14%、18.05%;W2 的α-AL较W1 平均高 189.47%,S2 的α-AL较S3、S1 分别高 61.52%、127.33%.2 个灌溉处理均可促进两地大豆、玉米的生长发育,提高幼苗生长率和整齐度,W3、W2 的大豆株高较 W1 分别平均高 21.74%、15.70%,茎粗分别平均高 12.52%、28.15%.叶面积分别平均高 11.84%、38.78%;W3、W2 的玉米株高较W1 分别平均高 21.80%、20.62%,茎粗分别平均高 37.69%、26.39%,W3 的叶面积较W2、W1 分别平均高 36.56%、73.33%.秸秆还田显著影响禹城玉米幼苗长势,表现为S3＞S1＞S2,S3的株高较S1、S2分别高 19.92%、27.31%;茎粗分别高 27.59%、59.80%;叶面积分别高 42.76%、68.54%.[结论]顺利出苗和构建良好的幼苗群体是实现高产的基础,播后喷灌通过改善耕层物理结构进而促进带状间作出苗并缩短出苗时间,为后续作物生长提供了有利条件.秸秆留茬还田可提高禹城带状间作幼苗生长质量;秸秆灭茬还田具有蓄水和缓解土壤紧实的特点,有利于无灌溉下大豆出苗,对安居带状间作作物形成壮苗具有促进作用.
[Objective]Soybean and maize strip intercropping is an important cultivation pattern for soybean productivity improvement project in China.In this experiment,the effects of straw returning and irrigation methods on the emergence and seedling growth quality in soybean and maize strip intercropping were investigated,in order to provide the theoretical support for the strip intercropping to solve the problem of seedling emergence.[Method]The experiment was carried out in Yucheng City,Dezhou City,Shandong Province and Anju District,Suining City,Sichuan Province in 2022 and 2023,respectively.Two-factor split plot zone design was adopted,three straw returning methods(non-returning straw(S1),returning straw with no stubble(S2),and returning straw with stubble(S3))and three irrigation methods(non-irrigation(W1),check irrigation before sowing(W2),and spray irrigation after sowing(W3))were set up,and their effects on seedling emergence and growth of strip intercropping crops were researched.[Result]Irrigation could significantly increase soil water content and alleviate soil compactness,thus effectively improving the emergence rate of soybean and maize,and shortening the emergence time.The seedling emergence rates under W3,W2 and W1 with S2 were 71.00%,45.70%and 38.50%in Yucheng,respectively.The seedling emergence rates under W3,W2 and W1 with S2 were 90.17%,88.50%and 61.67%in Anju,respectively.The emergence time under W2 and W3 was 3.29 d and 2.92 d shorter than that under W1,respectively.Under different irrigation methods,there was no significant difference in the seedling emergence rate of maize,which could reach more than 90%,but the seedling emergence time was significantly different.The emergence time of maize under W2 and W3 was 1.9 d and 3.1 d shorter than that under W1 in Yucheng,respectively.The emergence time of maize under W2 and W3 was 0.96 d and 0.6 d shorter than that under W1 in Anju,respectively.Straw returning significantly increased soil water content and decreased soil compactness,and the effects in both places were S2＞S3＞S1.Straw returning to the field under W1 could significantly improve the soybean seedling emergence rate in Yucheng,in which S2 was 45.08%higher than S1.Straw returning had no significant effect on the emergence rate of maize in the two places.Straw returning and irrigation significantly increased the activity of soybean lipase(LPS)and maize α-amylase(α-AL).The LPS of W2 and W3 were 26.86%and 37.77%higher than that of W1,respectively.The LPS under S2 was 14.14%and 18.05%higher than that under S3 and S1,respectively.The α-AL under W2 was 189.47%higher than that under W1,and the α-AL under S2 was 61.52%and 127.33%higher than that under S3 and S1,respectively.The two irrigation treatments could promote the growth and development of soybean and maize,and improve the seedling growth rate and uniformity.The soybean plant height under W3 and W2 was 21.74%and 15.70%higher than that under W1,respectively,wihle the stem diameter was 12.52%and 28.15%higher,respectively,and the leaf area was 11.84%and 38.78%higher,respectively.The maize plant height under W3 and W2 was 21.80%and 20.62%higher than that under W1,respectively,while the stem diameter was 37.69%and 26.39%higher than that under W1,respectively,and the leaf area under W3 was 36.56%and 73.33%higher than that under W2 and W1,respectively.Straw returning significantly affected the growth of maize seedlings in Yucheng,showing S3＞S1＞S2.The plant height under S3 was 19.92%and 27.31%higher than that under S1 and S2,respectively,while the stem diameter was 27.59%and 59.80%higher,respectively,and the leaf area was 42.76%and 68.54%higher,respectively.[Conclusion]Successful emergence and construction of a good seedling population were the basis for achieving high yield.Spray irrigation after sowing improved the physical structure of the plough layer,thus promoted the emergence of seedlings and shortened the emergence time in strip intercropping,and provided favorable conditions for subsequent crop growth.Returning straw with stubble could improve the growth quality of strip intercropping seedlings in Yucheng.Returning straw with no stubble had the characteristics of water storage and alleviating soil compaction,it is beneficial to soybean emergence without irrigation,and has a promoting effect on the formation of strong seedlings of strip intercropping crops in Anju.
杨立达;李雨泽;杨文钰;雍太文;彭新月;朱文雪;赵静;袁晓婷;林萍;罗凯;李易玲;罗春明
四川农业大学农学院/农业农村部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/四川省作物带状复合种植工程技术研究中心,成都 611130山东省德州市禹城市农业农村局,山东德州 251200四川省遂宁市安居区农业农村局,四川遂宁 629000
大豆玉米带状间作秸秆还田灌溉方式出苗率幼苗生长
soybean and maize strip intercroppingstraw returningirrigation methodsseedling emergence rateseedling growth
《中国农业科学》 2024 (017)
3366-3383 / 18
国家现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-04-PS21)、四川省育种攻关项目(2021YFYZ0005)
评论