安徽农业大学学报2024，Vol.51Issue(5)：749-758,10.DOI:10.13610/j.cnki.1672-352x.20241031.019
氮肥运筹处理对机插水稻产量及氮素吸收利用的影响
Effects of nitrogen fertilizer management practices on yield,nitrogen uptake and utilization of machine-transplanted rice
摘要
Abstract
The quality of machine-transplanted seedlings is generally lower.To achieve sufficient panicle num-bers,many farmers in northern Jiangsu Province have adopted practices such as increasing the frequency of tillering fertilizer applications,nitrogen application rates,and planting density.However,these adjustments have not resulted in higher yields or improved nitrogen absorption and utilization.To address these issues,three experiments were conducted to investigate the interactions between nitrogen application rate and planting density,seedling quality and tillering fertilizer,as well as the effects of straw incorporation and panicle fertilizer application ratio,using Huaidao 5 and Nanjing 9108 as test varieties.The results were as follows.1)In the experiment on the interaction between nitro-gen application rate and planting density,with increasing of nitrogen application rate(N1,N2 and N3 were 225,300 and 375 kg hm-2,respectively),the yield in M1(22.5 × 104 holes·hm-2)treatment showed an upward trend,while the yields in M2(27×104 holes·hm-2)and M3(33 ×104holes·hm-2)treatments first increased and then decreased,with the N2M3 treatment achieving the highest yield.The yield was significantly influenced by the number of panicles per unit area and the number of grains per panicle.Increased nitrogen application and planting density led to higher nitrogen accumulation at the maturity.However,increasing nitrogen application reduced nitrogen use efficiency for grain yield and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency,while higher planting density improved both the nitrogen use effi-ciency for grain yield and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency.2)In the experiment on the interaction between seedling quality and tillering fertilizer,the yield of strong seedlings increased by an average of 13.66％,compared to weak seedlings,with nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency increased by 1.7％;for strong seedlings,a single application of till-ering fertilizer was sufficient to fully realize the rice yield potential,while for weak seedlings,a moderate increase in tillering fertilizer application improved the yield.Excessive application of tillering fertilizer to both strong and week seedlings did not result in higher yields.A moderate increase in tillering fertilizer was beneficial to the improvement of nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency in both strong and weak seedlings.3)In the experiment on the interaction be-tween straw incorporation and the ratio of panicle fertilizer application under the condition of straw incorporation,increasing the proportion of flowering-promoting fertilizer and reducing the proportion of flowering-maintaining fertilizer was beneficial for the improving rice yield and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency.关键词
机插水稻/氮密互作/氮肥处理/秧苗素质/产量/氮素吸收利用Key words
machine-transplanted rice/nitrogen-density interaction/nitrogen fertilizer treatment/seedling quality/yield/nitrogen uptake and utilization分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
伏桐,姚友礼,黄建晔,董桂春,唐东南,舒小伟,徐杰姣,王树深,王子涵,丁周宇,杨英,周娟..氮肥运筹处理对机插水稻产量及氮素吸收利用的影响[J].安徽农业大学学报,2024,51(5):749-758,10.基金项目
国家自然科学资金资助项目(31571608),江苏省农业重大技术协同推广计划项目(2023-ZYXT-03-2),2023年江苏稻米产业集群项目(203320175),2023年常州市水稻产业技术集成创新中心项目(CAIC(2023)005),2023年扬州市中央农业相关专项转移支付项目(203310383)和"小超人"有机无机缓释系列产品水稻试验合作项目(204035348)共同资助. （31571608）
