北宋定窑茶叶末釉的微观结构与矿物形态学研究OA北大核心
Microstructure Characterization and Mineral Morphology of Tea-Dust Glaze Made in the Ding Kiln of the Northern Song Dynasty
茶叶末釉古瓷作为最早出现的结晶釉之一,开展深入研究可明确其矿物晶体特征、呈色机理以及古代烧制工艺,丰富古陶瓷数据库.目前相关研究多来源于二十世纪末,样本稀少且囊括的年代和窑口严重不足,所用科学仪器多已淘汰,亟需更多实验分析与数据支撑.本文采用光学显微镜(OM)、激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)、扫描电镜-能谱(SEM-EDS)、激光共聚焦拉曼光谱(LRS)、飞行时间二次离子质谱(ToF-SIMS)等现代科学仪器对北宋定窑茶叶末釉样本中矿物晶体开展了分析和表征.结果表明,釉中主晶相与辽金龙泉务窑一致,为钙长石和辉石;釉面整体表现为酱-黑色釉基质富铁(Fe2O3 含量均值9.73%)和矿物结晶富铁(Fe2O3 含量均值 11.33%),除α-Fe2O3 和Fe3O4 晶体等熔后重结晶矿物,还有铁镁尖晶石、残余高岭石等未融熔矿物,反演出制釉原料中有镁的加入以及烧成温度可能低于 1200℃,异于前人高温烧制的观点.SIMS离子成像揭示了胎釉交界处为厚约 20～80μm的钙长石晶体层,而非化妆土或玻璃态的致密反应层.研究揭示了茶叶末古瓷中Fe元素不均匀富集,部分区域过饱和而析出含铁矿物晶体,釉面颜色则主要由黄褐色的矿物晶体斑点和酱-黑色玻璃基质共同组成,同时ToF-SIMS在古瓷微区原位的形貌结构和元素分析上效果显著,能够辨别钙长石、碱性长石等微米级矿物.
The tea-dust glaze ancient porcelain is one of the earliest crystalline glazes,which is rarely studied deeply because of its rarity.In this study,the mineral crystals in tea-dust glaze made in the Ding Kiln of the Northern Song Dynasty were analyzed by optical microscope(OM),laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry(LA-ICP-MS),scanning electron microscopy coupled with an X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer(SEM-EDS),laser confocal Raman spectrometer(LRS),and high-resolution time of flight-secondary ion mass spectrometry(ToF-SIMS).The results show that the main crystal phase in the glaze is the same as that of the Longquanwu Kiln in the Liao and Jin Dynasty,which is anorthite and augite.The overall performance of the glaze is that the sauce-black glaze matrix is rich in iron(Fe2O3 mean 9.73%)and the mineral crystal is rich in iron(Fe2O3 mean 11.33%).In addition to α-Fe2O3 crystals,Fe3O4 crystals and other recrystallized minerals after melting,the glaze also has pleonaste,residual kaolinite and other unmelted minerals from raw glaze materials.The residual kaolinite shows that the firing temperature of the samples in this study was most likely below 1200℃.The BRIEF REPORT is available for this paper at http://www.ykcs.ac.cn/en/article/doi/10.15898/j.ykcs.202401290011.
徐建业;王富芳;梁汉东;李展平
煤炭精细勘探与智能开发全国重点实验室,北京 100083||中国矿业大学(北京)地球科学与测绘工程学院,北京 100083煤炭精细勘探与智能开发全国重点实验室,北京 100083||中国矿业大学(北京)地球科学与测绘工程学院,北京 100083煤炭精细勘探与智能开发全国重点实验室,北京 100083||中国矿业大学(北京)地球科学与测绘工程学院,北京 100083清华大学分析中心,北京 100084||清华大学化学系,有机光电子与分子工程教育部重点实验室,北京 100084
化学
茶叶末瓷矿物元素成像ToF-SIMSLA-ICP-MS
tea-dust glazemineralselement imagingToF-SIMSLA-ICP-MS
《岩矿测试》 2025 (1)
115-126,12
国家自然科学基金项目(41371449,41772157)中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目"太行山东缘煤系地层出露与古窑址分布关系研究"(2022YJSMT01)
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